CE testing: EMC, safety and radio, from the texts

Hugues Orgitello updated 8 Oct 2026 17 min read

Tests are how a manufacturer shows that a product meets the essential requirements of the CE directives. For a mains-powered Wi-Fi/BLE product, three families apply: electromagnetic compatibility, electrical safety and radio. The directives do not list tests; the harmonised standards cited in the Official Journal do, and only the cited edition gives presumption of conformity. This page lists, as of 7 October 2026, which editions are cited under each directive, the test levels the generic standards actually set, who is allowed to run the tests, and the claims about CE testing that the texts contradict.

Overview: three test families, one logic

1. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), Directive 2014/30/EU: emissions (the product must not disturb its environment) and immunity (it must work as intended in it).
2. Electrical safety (LVD), Directive 2014/35/EU: equipment rated between 50 and 1 000 V AC or 75 and 1 500 V DC (Article 1), with the exclusions of Annex II.
3. Radio (RED), Directive 2014/53/EU: Article 3(1)(a) health and safety, 3(1)(b) EMC, 3(2) efficient use of spectrum and, for the equipment classes named in Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/30, the cybersecurity requirements of 3(3)(d), (e) and (f), applicable since 1 August 2025.

For radio equipment the other two directives do not apply separately. RED Article 1(4) excludes it from the LVD except as set out in Article 3(1)(a), which imports the LVD safety objectives "with no voltage limit applying". The EMC Directive excludes equipment covered by Directive 1999/5/EC (Article 2(2)(a)), and RED Article 50 reads references to that repealed directive as references to the RED. The tests below stay the same in substance, but the presumption must come from a standard cited under the directive that applies.

Each family follows the same logic: pick the cited harmonised standards (see Standards), run the tests in the cited edition, record the results, and keep the technical documentation for 10 years after the product is placed on the market (EMC Article 7(3), LVD Article 6(3), RED Article 10(4)).

Cited editions at a glance (7 October 2026)

Test area	Edition that gives presumption	Legal source	Note
Multimedia emissions	EN 55032:2015 + A11:2020	Decision 2019/1326 as amended	CISPR 32 amendment 1 is not part of the cited reference
Multimedia immunity	EN 55035:2017 + A11:2020	Decision 2019/1326 as amended	EN 55024:2010 left the list on 16 September 2022
Generic immunity, residential	EN 61000-6-1:2007	OJ C 246, 13 July 2018	The 2019 edition is not cited
Generic immunity, industrial	EN 61000-6-2:2005 + AC:2005	OJ C 246, 13 July 2018	The 2019 edition is not cited
Harmonic current, up to 16 A	EN 61000-3-2:2014	OJ C 246, 13 July 2018	EN IEC 61000-3-2:2019 is not cited
Flicker, up to 16 A	EN 61000-3-3:2013	OJ C 246, 13 July 2018
AV, IT and communication safety	EN 62368-1:2014 + AC:2015	Decision 2023/2723, entry 555	The 2020 and 2024 ENs are not cited under the LVD
Household appliances	EN 60335-1:2012 up to A15:2021	Decision 2023/2723 as amended by 2025/1457	Restriction on the part of clause 20.2 referring to test probe B
Radio EMC (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth)	EN 301 489-17 V3.3.1	Decision 2022/2191 as amended	Cited with notices; EN 301 489-1 is not cited
2.4 GHz wideband data	EN 300 328 V2.2.2	Decision 2022/2191
5 GHz RLAN	EN 301 893 V2.2.1	Decision 2022/2191 as amended	V2.1.1 keeps presumption until 15 May 2028
Cybersecurity	EN 18031-1, -2 and -3:2024	Decision 2025/138	Cited with restrictions, see below
SAR, body-worn	EN 50566:2017 + A1:2023 + A2:2025	Decision 2026/2003	The version without A2 leaves the list on 7 March 2028

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)

Emissions

For multimedia equipment (IT, audio, video, most connected products), the emission standard is EN 55032, which reproduces CISPR 32. It has two classes: Class B for equipment intended primarily for residential environments, Class A for the others. Class A equipment must carry a warning in its user information that it may cause radio interference in a residential environment. A product that can be used in homes is assessed against Class B.

Test	Method	Range	Class B limit (CISPR 32)
Conducted emissions, AC mains port	Artificial mains network (LISN)	150 kHz to 30 MHz	0.15 to 0.5 MHz: 66 to 56 dB(µV) QP, 56 to 46 dB(µV) AVG; 0.5 to 5 MHz: 56 QP, 46 AVG; 5 to 30 MHz: 60 QP, 50 AVG
Radiated emissions below 1 GHz	Antenna at 10 m (or 3 m with the scaled limit), semi-anechoic chamber or open area test site	30 MHz to 1 GHz	30 dB(µV/m) QP from 30 to 230 MHz, 37 dB(µV/m) QP from 230 MHz to 1 GHz, at 10 m
Radiated emissions above 1 GHz	Antenna at 3 m, free-space conditions	Up to 6 GHz at most, depending on the highest internal frequency	1 to 3 GHz: 70 dB(µV/m) peak, 50 AVG; 3 to 6 GHz: 74 peak, 54 AVG
Harmonic current	EN 61000-3-2, measured per IEC 61000-4-7	Orders 2 to 40	Limits by class A, B, C or D
Flicker	EN 61000-3-3, flicker meter per IEC 61000-4-15, reference impedance	Voltage changes	Pst 1.0, Plt 0.65, dc 3.3 %, dmax 4 % (6 % or 7 % under conditions)

The class gap is not a fixed figure. On the mains port, the quasi-peak gap between Class A and Class B is 13 dB at 150 kHz, 17 dB from 0.5 to 5 MHz and 13 dB from 5 to 30 MHz; below 1 GHz the radiated gap is 10 dB. The detail per band is in conducted emissions and radiated emissions; harmonics and flicker are in IEC 61000-3-2 and 3-3.

Immunity

The immunity tests come from the basic IEC 61000-4-x methods; the levels come from the generic or product standard. The two generic standards cited under the EMC Directive set these levels:

Phenomenon	Method	EN 61000-6-1:2007 (residential, commercial, light industrial)	EN 61000-6-2:2005 (industrial)	Criterion
Electrostatic discharge (ESD)	EN 61000-4-2	4 kV contact, 8 kV air	4 kV contact, 8 kV air	B
Radiated RF field, 80 % AM 1 kHz	EN 61000-4-3	3 V/m (80 to 1 000 MHz), 3 V/m (1.4 to 2.0 GHz), 1 V/m (2.0 to 2.7 GHz)	10 V/m (80 to 1 000 MHz, 3 V/m in broadcast bands), 3 V/m (1.4 to 2.0 GHz), 1 V/m (2.0 to 2.7 GHz)	A
Power-frequency magnetic field	EN 61000-4-8	3 A/m	30 A/m	A
Conducted RF, 0.15 to 80 MHz	EN 61000-4-6	3 V	10 V (3 V in the 47 to 68 MHz broadcast band)	A
Fast transients (EFT/burst), AC power	EN 61000-4-4	1 kV, 5 kHz	2 kV, 5 kHz	B
Surge, AC power	EN 61000-4-5	2 kV line-to-earth, 1 kV line-to-line	2 kV line-to-earth, 1 kV line-to-line	B
Voltage dips and interruptions	EN 61000-4-11	0 % for ½ and 1 cycle (B), 70 % for 25/30 cycles (C), interruption 250/300 cycles (C)	0 % for 1 cycle (B), 40 % for 10/12 cycles (C), 70 % for 25/30 cycles (C), interruption 250/300 cycles (C)	B or C

The magnetic field test applies only to apparatus with devices susceptible to magnetic fields. Signal and DC ports have their own rows, and multimedia equipment uses the EN 55035 tables instead. Neither generic standard calls for damped oscillatory waves (IEC 61000-4-18) or pulsed and damped oscillatory magnetic fields (IEC 61000-4-9 and 4-10): those appear only where another generic or product standard asks for them. Detail per test: ESD, surge and burst, dips and interruptions.

Performance criteria

The generic standards define three criteria (clause 5 of IEC 61000-6-1 and 6-2):

• Criterion A: the apparatus continues to operate as intended during and after the test, with no degradation below the performance level specified by the manufacturer.
• Criterion B: it operates as intended after the test; degradation is allowed during the test, but no change of actual operating state or stored data.
• Criterion C: temporary loss of function is allowed, provided it is self-recoverable or can be restored by the operation of the controls.

There is no criterion D in these standards. The basic IEC 61000-4-x methods only recommend a classification of test results, whose last step is a loss of function that cannot be recovered. If the manufacturer does not specify the performance level, it may be derived from the product documentation and from what the user may reasonably expect. The test plan records the operating mode, the monitoring method and the acceptance criterion for each phenomenon before the lab campaign.

Working on selecting an EMC test plan suitable for a given product for a real product? AESTECHNO can audit your design and certification plan. Get in touch

Electrical safety (LVD)

The LVD covers equipment rated between 50 and 1 000 V AC or 75 and 1 500 V DC. Below those ratings, a non-radio product falls outside the LVD; a radio product is still assessed for safety under RED Article 3(1)(a), with no voltage limit. Annex II excludes, among others, electrical equipment for radiology and medical purposes, electricity meters and domestic plugs and socket outlets.

EN 62368-1 and its energy classes

EN 62368-1 is the hazard-based safety standard for audio/video, information and communication technology equipment. Under the LVD, the cited edition is EN 62368-1:2014 with AC:2015. In the EU, presumption of conformity from EN 60065 and EN 60950-1 ceased on 20 December 2020; the IEC withdrew IEC 60950-1 and IEC 60065 on 29 March 2024. The current IEC edition is IEC 62368-1:2023, whose August 2025 corrected version updated the ES1 and ES2 limits of Table 4.

The standard classifies energy sources and requires safeguards between each source and a body part:

Hazard	Clause	Classes
Electrically caused injury	5	ES1, ES2, ES3
Electrically caused fire	6	PS1, PS2, PS3 (power sources), plus potential ignition sources
Hazardous substances	7	No classes
Mechanically caused injury	8	MS1, MS2, MS3
Thermal burn	9	TS1, TS2, TS3
Radiation	10	RS1, RS2, RS3

The ES1 and ES2 limits depend on frequency, current criterion, capacitance and pulse conditions: take them from Table 4 of the edition you test to, not from a summary. See IEC 62368-1 for the clause-by-clause view.

Typical safety tests

A safety campaign to EN 62368-1 combines document review with tests on samples:

• Documentation review: energy source classification, safeguard list, schematics, critical components and their certificates.
• Electrical tests: electric strength of insulation, touch current and protective conductor current, protective earthing.
• Normal, abnormal and single fault conditions (Annex B), including blocked ventilation and component faults.
• Thermal tests: accessible surface temperatures and component temperatures.
• Fire tests: circuit classification and flammability of materials.
• Mechanical tests: stability, mechanical strength, access to hazardous parts.
• Markings and instructions, checked against the standard.

Test voltages, limits and durations come from the standard and depend on the working voltage, the insulation type and the class: they are not generic values.

Which safety standard for which product

Product family	Standard	Status
Audio/video, IT, communication equipment	EN 62368-1:2014 + AC:2015	Cited under the LVD
Measurement, control and laboratory equipment	EN 61010-1:2010 + A1:2019	Cited under the LVD, with Part 2 standards
Household appliances	EN 60335-1:2012 up to A15:2021	Cited under the LVD with a restriction on clause 20.2, with Part 2 standards
Luminaires	EN 60598-1 (EN IEC 60598-1:2021 + A11:2022)	Cited under the LVD, with Part 2 standards
Hand-held motor-operated tools	EN 62841-1:2015	Cited under the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC (Decision 2023/1586), not the LVD
Medical electrical equipment	EN 60601-1	Outside the LVD (Annex II); medical devices regulation applies

Radio equipment (RED)

Article 3(1)(a): health and safety

Electrical safety uses the LVD safety objectives without voltage limit. The RED list cites no general electrical safety standard such as EN 62368-1, so its application under Article 3(1)(a) is an assessment against the objectives rather than a presumption from the RED list.

For exposure to electromagnetic fields, the RED list cites product standards:

Standard	Scope	Cited reference
EN 50360	Devices used next to the ear, 300 MHz to 6 GHz	EN 50360:2017 + A1:2023
EN 50566	Hand-held and body-mounted devices, 30 MHz to 6 GHz	EN 50566:2017 + A1:2023, and with A2:2025 since Decision (EU) 2026/2003
EN 50385 and EN 50401	Base station equipment, placing on the market and putting into service	EN 50385:2017, EN 50401:2017

The limits behind them are those of Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC: localised SAR of 2 W/kg in head and trunk and 4 W/kg in limbs, averaged over 10 g of contiguous tissue. The measurement method, IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, is not itself cited. See SAR testing.

Article 3(1)(b): EMC of radio equipment

The RED list cites the specific parts of the EN 301 489 series, used together with the common part EN 301 489-1, which is not itself cited:

Part	Coverage	Cited version
EN 301 489-3	Short range devices, 9 kHz to 246 GHz	V2.3.2
EN 301 489-17	Broadband and wideband data transmission (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth)	V3.3.1
EN 301 489-19	Receive-only mobile earth stations and GNSS receivers	V2.2.1
EN 301 489-50	Cellular base stations, repeaters and ancillary equipment	V2.4.1
EN 301 489-52	Cellular user equipment	V1.3.1 (V1.2.1 until 15 November 2026)

Each of these citations carries notices. Parts -3, -17, -19 and -52 state that the standard "does not address emission requirements in frequency bands below 9 kHz" and that it "does not confer a presumption of conformity" with Article 3(1)(b) "if its clause 6 is applied". EN 301 489-33 for UWB is not in the list. The RED list also cites EN 55035:2017 (entry 5, without A11).

Article 3(2): efficient use of spectrum

The band rules come from Commission decisions; the harmonised standard sets how the lab tests them.

Band	Standard (cited version)	Band rule in the EU text	Key test points
2.4 GHz Wi-Fi/BLE	EN 300 328 V2.2.2	100 mW e.i.r.p. for wideband data	Adaptive equipment needs a sharing mechanism; non-adaptive, non-hopping equipment is capped at a medium utilisation factor of 10 %
5 150 to 5 350 MHz	EN 301 893 V2.2.1	200 mW mean e.i.r.p. (Decision 2022/179)	5 150 to 5 250 MHz: no DFS or TPC; 5 250 to 5 350 MHz: indoor, TPC and DFS
5 470 to 5 725 MHz	EN 301 893 V2.2.1	1 W mean e.i.r.p., TPC and DFS (Decision 2022/179)	Without TPC, limits reduced by 3 dB; DFS settings not accessible to the user
5 945 to 6 425 MHz	EN 303 687 V1.1.1	LPI 23 dBm, indoor only; VLP 14 dBm (Decision 2021/1067)	Cited with notices: no presumption for narrowband devices, nor if clause B.7.2 is applied
863 to 870 MHz SRD	EN 300 220-2 V3.1.1 or V3.3.1	Sub-bands of Decision 2006/771/EC, for example 868 to 868.6 MHz at 25 mW e.r.p. with 1 % duty cycle or access techniques, 869.4 to 869.65 MHz at 500 mW e.r.p. with 10 %	V3.1.1 loses presumption on 11 June 2027
433.05 to 434.79 MHz SRD	EN 300 220-2	10 mW e.r.p. with 10 % duty cycle, or 1 mW e.r.p. without duty cycle limit
UWB, 6.0 to 8.5 GHz	EN 302 065-1 V2.1.1 (generic)	-41.3 dBm/MHz mean e.i.r.p., 0 dBm peak (Decision 2019/785, Annex replaced by 2024/1467)	Above 8.5 GHz, -65 dBm/MHz unless mitigation applies
Cellular	EN 301 511 (GSM), EN 301 908-1, -13 (LTE UE), -25 (NR UE)	Licensed bands	Tests against simulated base stations

LoRaWAN and Z-Wave devices in the 868 MHz range are non-specific SRD under EN 300 220-2: which sub-band and duty cycle apply depends on the frequencies the device uses. See license-free bands and UWB.

Article 3(3)(d), (e) and (f): cybersecurity

Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/30 applies from 1 August 2025. It activates:

• 3(3)(d), network protection, for any radio equipment that can communicate itself over the internet, directly or via other equipment.
• 3(3)(e), protection of personal data and privacy, for internet-connected radio equipment, childcare radio equipment, toys and wearables that can process personal data.
• 3(3)(f), protection from fraud, for internet-connected radio equipment that lets the user transfer money, monetary value or virtual currency.

Equipment covered by the medical device regulations (EU) 2017/745 and 2017/746 is excluded from all three. EN 18031-1, EN 18031-2 and EN 18031-3:2024 (CEN-CENELEC) were cited by Decision (EU) 2025/138, published on 30 January 2025, with restrictions:

Standard	Restriction in the citation
EN 18031-1	The "rationale" and "guidance" sections give no presumption; no presumption if, under clauses 6.2.5.1 and 6.2.5.2, the user is allowed not to set and use any password
EN 18031-2	Same two restrictions, plus no presumption for the categories of clauses 6.1.3 to 6.1.6 if parental or guardian access control is not ensured
EN 18031-3	Same two restrictions, plus no presumption as regards the assessment criteria of clause 6.3.2.4

A product that falls into one of these restrictions cannot rely on internal production control for that requirement: RED Article 17(4) then requires EU-type examination or full quality assurance with a notified body.

Who may run the tests

None of the three directives requires the manufacturer to use an accredited or third-party laboratory under internal production control. A notified body is involved only in the procedures that require one: EMC Module B (optional), and under the RED, Article 3(2) or 3(3) when the cited harmonised standards were not applied in full (Article 17(4)). The LVD has internal production control only. See Procedure.

In practice the question is technical: which tests a manufacturer can run with traceable, calibrated equipment and a written procedure.

Test	In-house realistic?	What it needs
Conducted emissions (pre-compliance)	Yes	Artificial mains network, receiver or spectrum analyser, controlled ambient
Radiated emissions (final)	Rarely	Semi-anechoic chamber or open area test site validated for site attenuation
ESD	Yes	Calibrated ESD generator, reference ground plane
Burst and surge	Yes	Generators and coupling/decoupling networks
Radiated RF immunity	Rarely	Anechoic chamber with a uniform field area, power amplifier
Electric strength, touch current	Yes	Calibrated dielectric tester and touch current measuring network
Radio Article 3(2)	Rarely	Radio test set and analysers matched to the cited ETSI standard
SAR	No	Dosimetric probe system and phantoms per IEC/IEEE 62209-1528

In-house results go into the technical documentation like external ones: written procedure, equipment list with calibration status, setup photos, raw data and a signed report.

Choosing an external laboratory

1. ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation for the exact tests and editions you need, from a body that signs the Global ACI MRA, which took over the ILAC arrangement scope on January 1, 2026 (COFRAC in France, DAkkS in Germany, UKAS in the United Kingdom). Read the scope annex: a lab can be accredited for EN 55032 and not for EN 61000-3-2.
2. Frequency and phenomenon range that covers the product without extrapolation, in particular above 6 GHz for 6 GHz Wi-Fi products.
3. The cited edition: a report to EN IEC 61000-6-1:2019 or EN 301 489-1 alone does not carry presumption under the current lists.
4. Recognition for other markets if needed: under the mutual recognition agreements, labs in the EU can be recognised to produce test data for the US FCC and Canada ISED.

Order of a campaign

The EMC tests may run in any order, and nothing in the texts sets durations or sample counts: they belong in the lab quote. A sequence that keeps rework low:

1. In-house pre-compliance on the riskiest items (conducted emissions, ESD).
2. Test plan with operating modes, monitoring and criteria per phenomenon.
3. Emissions, then immunity, then radio, then safety, with destructive safety fault tests on units not needed afterwards.
4. Review of the draft report against the cited editions before it is signed.

Costs

The directives and standards publish no test fees. Lab prices are quotes, not tariffs. The certification costs page lists the fees that regulators and programmes do publish; for CE testing, budget from quotes for your product.

Claims the texts contradict

Claim (including on earlier versions of this page)	What the texts say
"EN 62368-1 replaced EN 60065 and EN 60950-1 on 20 December 2020"	20 December 2020 is when EU presumption from EN 60065 and EN 60950-1 ceased. The IEC withdrew IEC 60950-1 and IEC 60065 on 29 March 2024.
"UWB in the EU is 6 to 8 GHz"	The generic UWB band at -41.3 dBm/MHz mean e.i.r.p. is 6.0 to 8.5 GHz (Decision 2019/785, Annex replaced by 2024/1467).
"EN 301 489-1 and EN 301 489-33 are the RED EMC standards"	Neither is in the RED list. Presumption comes from cited specific parts such as -3, -17, -19, -50 and -52, with notices.
"Immunity has criteria A, B, C and D"	EN 61000-6-1 and 6-2 define A, B and C. Criterion B allows no change of operating state or stored data.
"EN 61000-6-1 asks for 1 kV differential and 2 kV common-mode surge, and 0.5 kV burst on I/O"	EN 61000-6-1:2007 asks for 2 kV line-to-earth and 1 kV line-to-line surge and 1 kV burst on AC power, and 0.5 kV burst on signal ports only for cables that may exceed 3 m.
"Residential dips: 0 % 10 ms, 40 % 200 ms, 70 % 500 ms"	The 40 % dip for 10/12 cycles is in EN 61000-6-2 (industrial), not EN 61000-6-1.
"EN 61000-4-18 and 4-9/4-10 are industrial requirements"	Neither EN 61000-6-1 nor EN 61000-6-2 calls for them.
"Above 1 GHz, radiated emissions go up to 18 GHz"	CISPR 32 stops at 6 GHz; the upper frequency depends on the highest internal frequency.
"ES1 is below 30 V AC and 2 W; ES2 below 100 W; fire classes PIS1 to PIS3"	ES limits are in Table 4 of EN 62368-1 and do not use watts; power classes are PS1 to PS3; PIS means potential ignition source.
"EN 60601-1 and EN 62841-1 are LVD standards"	Medical electrical equipment is outside the LVD (Annex II); EN 62841-1 is cited under the Machinery Directive.
"The SAR methods are EN 62209-1 and -2"	IEC/IEEE 62209-1528 replaced IEC 62209-1 and -2; the RED list cites EN 50360 and EN 50566, not the measurement method.
"The cybersecurity standards were published by ETSI and need penetration tests"	EN 18031 is a CEN-CENELEC series. Its citations carry restrictions; where one applies, a notified body is needed.

Further reading

• Certification procedure: the full sequence, modules, Notified Bodies
• Technical file: how to exploit the test reports
• Common pitfalls: recurring errors in EMC, radio, safety
• Standards: how to verify the versions in force
• RED tests: the radio test detail

Working on managing a multi-lab test campaign for a real product? AESTECHNO can audit your design and certification plan. Get in touch

See also

• Pre-compliance EMC, TEM cell, near-field probes, LISN: the in-house pre-test bench used before the accredited lab.
• EMC chamber types, SAC, FAR, OATS, GTEM, reverberation: which chamber type fits which test and frequency range.
• Calibration and measurement uncertainty (GUM, CISPR): the metrological traceability your reports must demonstrate.
• PCB design for EMC, return paths, decoupling, stackup: upstream design choices that decide pass-or-fail before the test.
• Radiated emissions EMC test, pre-scan and final scan: the structuring test of any CE campaign, end to end.
• Certification test plan template: editions, criteria and change control in one document.

Sources & references

1. IAF: launch of Global Accreditation Cooperation Incorporated (January 1, 2026), IAF iaf.nu/en/news/global-accreditation-cooperation-incorporated-launch-unifies-international-accreditation-organisations-and-strengthens-worldwide-trust/
2. Directive 2014/30/EU (EMC), Articles 2, 7, 13 and 14, EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/30/oj
3. Directive 2014/35/EU (LVD), Article 1, Article 6 and Annex II, EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/35/oj
4. Directive 2014/53/EU (RED), Articles 1(4), 3, 10(4), 17 and 50, EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/53/oj
5. Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/1326, EMC harmonised standards, consolidated version of 10 June 2022, EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02019D1326-20220610
6. Commission communication under Directive 2014/30/EU, OJ C 246, 13 July 2018 (EN 61000-6-1:2007, EN 61000-6-2:2005, EN 61000-3-2:2014, EN 61000-3-3:2013), Publications Office of the European Union publications.europa.eu/resource/celex/52018XC0713%2802%29
7. Implementing Decision (EU) 2023/2723, LVD harmonised standards, consolidated version of 30 April 2026, EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023D2723-20260430
8. Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/2191, RED harmonised standards, consolidated text including amendments up to Decision (EU) 2026/2003, EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02022D2191-20261115
9. Implementing Decision (EU) 2026/2003 of 4 September 2026 amending Decision (EU) 2022/2191, EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2026/2003/oj
10. Implementing Decision (EU) 2025/138, EN 18031-1, -2 and -3 cited with restrictions, EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2025/138/oj
11. Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/30 on Article 3(3)(d), (e) and (f) of the RED, as amended (applies from 1 August 2025), EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2022/30/oj
12. Implementing Decision (EU) 2023/1586, machinery harmonised standards (EN 62841-1), EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2023/1586/oj
13. Commission Decision 2006/771/EC on short-range devices, consolidated text of 23 January 2025, EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02006D0771(01)-20250123
14. Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/179, 5 GHz WAS/RLAN, EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02022D0179-20221125
15. Implementing Decision (EU) 2021/1067, 5 945 to 6 425 MHz WAS/RLAN, EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2021/1067/oj
16. Implementing Decision (EU) 2024/1467 replacing the Annex to Decision (EU) 2019/785 (UWB), EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2024/1467/oj
17. Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields, EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/1999/519/oj
18. IS 14700 (Part 6/Sec 1):2008, identical to IEC 61000-6-1:2005, Tables 1 to 4 (secondary copy of the IEC text), Bureau of Indian Standards (via Public.Resource.Org) law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S04/is.14700.6.1.2008.pdf
19. IS 14700 (Part 6/Sec 2):2008, identical to IEC 61000-6-2:2005, Tables 1 to 4 (secondary copy of the IEC text), Bureau of Indian Standards (via Public.Resource.Org) law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S04/is.14700.6.2.2008.pdf
20. CISPR 32 / EN 55032, multimedia emissions, IEC webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/22046
21. ISO/IEC 17025, general requirements for laboratory competence, ISO www.iso.org/standard/66912.html
22. ILAC, mutually recognised accreditations, ILAC ilac.org/