ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA

Hugues Orgitello updated 7 Oct 2026 16 min read

Selling a connected product in South Africa involves two regulators and one standards body. ICASA (Independent Communications Authority of South Africa) approves every piece of electronic communications equipment under section 35 of the Electronic Communications Act 36 of 2005, and its approval covers radio performance, EMC and safety test reports. NRCS (National Regulator for Compulsory Specifications) issues a Letter of Authority (LoA) for products within a compulsory specification, for electronics mainly VC 8055 on the safety of mains-powered apparatus. SABS publishes the SANS standards both cite, most of them identical adoptions of IEC, CISPR and ETSI texts. This page sets out, from the Government Gazette texts, which regulations are in force in October 2026 (the 2013 Type Approval Regulations, not the 2022 Equipment Authorisation Regulations), the two ICASA routes, the 2026 fees, the label format, the licence-exempt bands, the NRCS LoA, and the claims (several of them made by this page before October 2026) that the texts contradict.

What is in force, and what changed

The type approval framework published in August 2013 is still the one ICASA applies. The Equipment Authorisation Regulations, 2022 were published as final regulations but "shall come into effect at a date to be determined by the Authority" (regulation 27), and we found no commencement notice. The clearest sign: the fee notice ICASA published on 20 March 2026 is still made "in line with regulation 10(3) of the Type Approval Regulation" of 2013.

Date	Text (Government Gazette)	What it does
26 August 2013	Type Approval Regulations, 2013 (GN 871, GG 36785)	Standard and Simplified Type Approval, fees, validity, revocation, penalties; repeals the 2002 type approval rules
26 August 2013	Labelling Regulations, 2013 (GN 872, GG 36786)	ICASA label, TA XXXX-YYYY number, e-label on request
27 August 2013	Type Approval Guidelines (GN 883, GG 36792)	Procedure, 15 working days processing target, registers
30 March 2015	Radio Frequency Spectrum Regulations, 2015 (GN 279, GG 38641)	Annexure B lists the licence-exempt radio apparatus
9 September 2015	Official List of Regulated Standards (GN 896, GG 39182)	The standards for EMC, safety and radio performance
30 March 2016	ICASA and SABS memorandum of understanding	EMI/EMC certificates of compliance for non-telecommunication equipment under the ICASA mandate
31 March 2017	Regulatory Position on Equipment Type Approval Exemption (GN 248, GG 40733)	Starts the move to a risk-based framework
25 February 2020	Conformity Assessment Framework for Equipment Authorisation (GN 200, GG 43047)	Risk classes 1 to 3, designated certification bodies; effective on a date to be set
24 March 2020	Official List Amendment Regulations of 2020 (GN 357, GG 43132)	New Annexure A: SANS 2332 (CISPR 32) and SANS 2335 (CISPR 35) replace CISPR 22 and 24 for multimedia equipment from 31 December 2020; adds SANS 62368-1
1 April 2021	NRCS Electrotechnical stakeholder letter	NRCS accepts SANS/IEC 62368-1 test reports for VC 8055 without a declaration of equivalence
31 March 2022	Equipment Authorisation Regulations, 2022 (Notice 1949, GG 46146)	Will repeal the 2013 Type Approval and Labelling Regulations; commencement date not yet set
23 May 2023	Annexure B substituted (Notice 1822, GG 48643)	Opens 5925 to 6425 MHz for RLAN (Wi-Fi) and 122 to 246 GHz for non-specific short range devices
17 November 2025	Draft Official List Amendment Regulations of 2025 (Notice 3607, GG 53679)	Draft: adds NR user equipment, 6 GHz RLAN, satellite equipment, SANS 60335-1 and RF exposure standards; comments closed 12 December 2025
20 March 2026	Administrative fees notice (Notice 3843, GG 54379)	Type approval fees up 3.2 % from 1 April 2026

Who regulates what

Requirement	Regulator	Instrument	What the text says
Use, supply or sale of electronic communications equipment	ICASA	ECA section 35(1), Type Approval Regulations 2013, regulation 3	Any equipment used in connection with electronic communications needs type approval unless explicitly exempted
Radio performance	ICASA	Official List, performance standards; Annexure B of the RF Spectrum Regulations	Equipment must meet the listed standard or a technically identical one
EMC	ICASA	Official List, regulation 2(1)(a) and (g)	Purpose includes "the mandatory Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standards to which all electrical and electronic equipment must comply"
Safety of approved equipment	ICASA	Official List, safety standards; RF application form, item 13.3	Test reports "(RF, EMC & Safety)" must accompany a radio application
Safety of mains-powered apparatus for ordinary persons	NRCS	VC 8055 (GN R. 89 of 2009, amended)	Every type and model approved by NRCS (LoA) before it is offered for sale
Standards	SABS	SANS catalogue	Publishes the SANS numbers both regulators cite
Accreditation	SANAS	Act 19 of 2006	Accredits South African conformity assessment bodies

ICASA and NRCS have an MoU with an Annexure A listing which body assesses which products. It says itself that it "serves as guide and does not supersede any regulations". Products ticked under both authorities include wireless speakers, smart TVs, set-top boxes, IP/WLAN cameras, smart watches, smart lamps, smart air conditioners, smart refrigerators, smart washing machines and Bluetooth kettles. Products that are radio only, such as BLE accessories or wireless gateways, stay with ICASA.

ICASA type approval under the 2013 Regulations

Two routes: Standard and Simplified

Route	When	What is filed	Outcome
Standard Type Approval (regulation 5)	Equipment "that has not been type approved before by the Authority"	Test reports to the Technical Regulations, photographs, installation and user manual, functional description, schematic diagram and PCB layout, proof of fee payment	Type Approval Certificate, or a rejection letter with reasons
Simplified Type Approval (regulation 6)	Equipment identical to equipment already on the Type Approval Register (for example a second supplier of the same model)	Application, no test reports; a representative sample may be requested	Type Approval Certificate
Provisional Type Approval (regulation 9)	Trial, demonstration or research on a non-commercial basis, or testing in a South African laboratory	Purpose, units, recipients, duration, area, fee	Permit for up to 6 months; report within 30 days of expiry

There is no supplier declaration of conformity (DoC) route in the 2013 Regulations: every route ends in a certificate issued by ICASA. Applications go through the ICASA online portal or the forms in Schedule 2.

The regulations article by article

Regulation	Rule
1	Accredited Test Laboratory (ATL) = accredited by its national accreditation body or another recognised body to ISO/IEC 17025
3	All equipment used in connection with electronic communications needs type approval unless explicitly exempted; certificates issued before 2013 stay valid
4	Supplier registration on the ICASA database is once-off, free, and "shall only be afforded to South African registered entities"; changes to be reported within 30 days
5	Standard Type Approval file content; rejection with reasons; re-application allowed
6	Simplified Type Approval for identical equipment on the Register, no test reports
7	Only standards of a competent standardisation body; standards in the Technical Regulations, or technically identical ones
8	Only ATL reports, submitted in full and unmodified, for the exact equipment, with no modification after the test
9	Provisional Type Approval permit, up to 6 months
10	Fees in advance and non-refundable, adjusted at most by CPI each year
11	Certificate valid for an unlimited duration unless brand, name, model or function change, the operating frequency band or RF power change, or the standard changes; transfer or update requested within 14 days
12	Labelling per the Labelling Regulations
13	Market surveillance on complaint or random audit; ICASA may require equipment for conformity assessment
14	Revocation; withdrawal from the market within 90 days at own cost
16 and 17	Offering for sale non-approved equipment: imprisonment of 6 months and/or a fine up to R1,000,000

The Guidelines add that processing is "generally 15 working days upon receipt of a completed application form", that cosmetic changes (colour, enclosure) need no new application when the registered technical data are unchanged, and that "Type Approval is obligatory in an ISM band". ICASA also states on its type approval page that it "will accept test reports of the relevant European standards, provided the testing has been performed at an accredited test facility".

Fees from 1 April 2026

Notice 3843 of 2026 raises all type approval administrative fees by 3.2 % (average CPI) from 1 April 2026.

Item	Until 31 March 2026	From 1 April 2026
Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (TTE)	R6,526	R6,735
Radio Equipment (RF)	R6,526	R6,735
Simplified	R6,526	R6,735
Untested variant	R3,262	R3,366
Tested variant	R3,262	R3,366
Badge engineering	R6,526	R6,735
Labels (packet of 400)	R652	R672
Provisional Type Approval	R3,262	R3,366
Administrative or technical modification to a certificate	R816	R842
Re-issue of a certificate	R409	R422

These are ICASA fees only; laboratory testing and any local representative are separate costs that the notice does not cover.

Label

The Labelling Regulations, 2013 require a legible label permanently affixed to the equipment and on its packaging before it is made available. The label carries the ICASA logo (at least 3 mm high and 3 mm wide) and the certificate number in the format TA XXXX-YYYY (year of issue, then sequential number), at least 1 mm high, with an overall height to width ratio of 1:2 (for example 10 by 20 mm). Labels are bought from ICASA or self-printed with written permission. An e-label needs a prior written request to ICASA, is defined for products "with a built in display which is integral to the equipment", and must appear at power-up, in the system information page or in the help menu, with the documentation explaining how to reach it. Affixing a label to non-approved equipment carries the same penalty as regulation 17 (6 months and/or R1,000,000); supplying approved equipment without a label, a fine up to R100,000.

The Equipment Authorisation Regulations, 2022 (published, not yet in force)

When ICASA sets their commencement date, these regulations repeal the Type Approval Regulations, 2013 and the Labelling Regulations, 2013 (regulation 26). Certificates and labels issued before stay valid, but old labels may not be put on equipment authorised under the new rules (regulation 25).

Class (Appendix C)	Equipment	Conformity assessment
Classification 1, low risk	Broadcast production equipment, satellite equipment, radio telescope equipment, earth stations, maritime and aeronautical equipment (except drones), under conditions (Appendix B)	Exempt from authorisation, but must meet the standards and be registered online
Classification 2, medium risk	Radio equipment using licence-exempt spectrum; receive-only and digital devices that generate RF energy internally	Statement of Conformity from an impartial product certification body, then ICASA authorisation
Classification 3, high risk	Equipment in licensed spectrum, ISM equipment, fixed-line terminal equipment, incidental radiators	Certificate of Conformity from an ICASA-designated certification body (ISO/IEC 17065), then ICASA authorisation

Other changes in the 2022 text: the application is made by a Local Supplier registered with CIPC (regulation 7(2)), and a foreign or local supplier may appoint a local legal representative by written mandate who then carries the compliance responsibilities (regulation 9); test reports may not be older than 3 years for class 3 or 5 years for class 2 (regulation 14(4)); technical documentation is kept for 5 years (regulation 12); a provisional permit lasts up to 8 months (regulation 10); and the mark becomes EA-XXXX/YYYY plus the equipment class (regulation 19). In 2023 ICASA announced a virtual workshop on its Designated Certification Body programme for equipment type approvals. Until a commencement notice appears in the Government Gazette, none of this replaces the 2013 procedure.

Standards: the Official List

Regulation 7 of the 2013 Regulations points to the "Technical Regulations", which are the Official List of Regulated Standards, the SRD (licence exemption) regulations and the RFID regulations. The Official List of 2015 was rewritten as Annexure A by the 2020 amendment. For a typical connected product, the entries are:

Aspect	Official List entry (2020 Annexure A)	International equivalent
2.4 GHz wideband data (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth)	SANS 300328	EN 300 328
5 GHz RLAN	SANS 301893	EN 301 893
Non-specific short range devices	SANS 300220-1 and -2	EN 300 220
3GPP E-UTRA (LTE) user equipment	SANS 301908-13	EN 301 908-13
Radio EMC	SANS 301489 series	EN 301 489 series
Multimedia equipment EMC	SANS 2332 and SANS 2335 (from 31 December 2020)	CISPR 32 and CISPR 35
Safety, audio/video and ICT equipment	SANS 62368-1 (alongside SANS 60950-1 and SANS 60065)	IEC 62368-1

The draft amendment of 17 November 2025 would add, among others, NR user equipment (EN 301 908-25), 6 GHz RLAN (EN 303 687), SANS 60335-1 for household appliances and RF exposure standards (SANS 62311, IEC 62479), and would let ICASA consider the latest edition when a standard is amended. It was still a draft at the time of writing. ETSI EN numbers can be used where the SANS is identical: regulation 7(3) accepts a standard "technically identical" to the listed one.

Licence-exempt bands (Annexure B, as substituted on 23 May 2023)

Annexure B lists apparatus that needs no spectrum licence, with the maximum power, the performance standard, and additional requirements (for most SRD entries a reference to CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03). ICASA states that type approval under section 35 "will continue to apply" to these devices.

Band	Application	Maximum power	Standard
863 to 870 MHz	Non-specific SRD	25 mW e.r.p.	SANS 300 220
869.4 to 869.65 MHz	Non-specific SRD	500 mW e.r.p.	SANS 300 220
915 to 919.4 MHz	Non-specific SRD	25 mW e.r.p.	SANS 300 220
2400 to 2483.5 MHz	Non-specific SRD	10 mW e.i.r.p.	SANS 300 440
2400 to 2483.5 MHz	Wideband data transmission systems	100 mW e.i.r.p.	SANS 300 328
5150 to 5250 MHz	WAS/RLAN	23 dBm e.i.r.p.	SANS 301 893
5250 to 5350 MHz	WAS/RLAN	23 dBm e.i.r.p.	SANS 301 893
5470 to 5725 MHz	WAS/RLAN	30 dBm e.i.r.p.	SANS 301 893
5725 to 5875 MHz	Non-specific SRD	25 mW e.i.r.p.	SANS 300 440
5925 to 6425 MHz	WAS/RLAN	23 dBm e.i.r.p. low power indoor (outdoor not allowed), 14 dBm e.i.r.p. very low power	EN 303 687
57 to 64 GHz	Non-specific SRD	100 mW e.i.r.p.	EN 305 550

A sub-GHz product therefore has two South African windows at 25 mW e.r.p., 863 to 870 MHz and 915 to 919.4 MHz, under the conditions of the annexure. A draft amendment to the Radio Frequency Spectrum Regulations published on 15 May 2026 (GG 54677) deals with satellite operators, satellite terminals, radio astronomy protection and earth stations in motion; public hearings were held on 19 and 20 August 2026.

NRCS and the Letter of Authority (VC 8055)

VC 8055, the compulsory specification for electrical and electronic apparatus (GN R. 89, GG 31844, 6 February 2009), covers mains-powered apparatus rated up to 500 V a.c. or d.c. "intended for use by ordinary persons in household, light industrial and general office applications": household appliances, audio and video apparatus, information technology equipment, luminaires, hand-held and transportable electric tools, and test, measurement, control and laboratory equipment. Equipment sold only for industrial purposes or for use by skilled persons in hazardous environments is outside its scope.

Clause	Requirement
2.1	The applicant is a manufacturer or importer that is an established legal entity in South Africa
2.9	A valid test certificate is less than 36 months old when submitted
3.1 and 3.2	Rated at 230 V a.c. 50 Hz single-phase (or 400 V three-phase), or a range including it, and safe within plus or minus 10 %
3.3 to 3.9	Standards per category: SANS 60335 (household), SANS 60065 (audio/video), SANS 60950-1 (IT), SANS 60598 (luminaires), SANS 61010 (measurement and laboratory)
3.10	Approval of every type and model before it is offered for sale
3.12	Changes in design or components affecting a requirement must be reported
3.13 and 3.14	Proof of approval within 2 working days and proof of conformity of production within 5 working days, on request

An amendment of 31 October 2014 added LED luminaires (SANS 60598-1). Since 1 April 2021, NRCS accepts test reports to SANS/IEC 62368-1 as equivalent to SANS/IEC 60950 and 60065 without a declaration of equivalence, while the amendment of VC 8055 to cite the new standard was still under way. NRCS runs the electrotechnical LoA application online and publishes a search of approved LoAs on its website.

Typical sequence for a mains-powered Wi-Fi product

1. Check scope: the product needs ICASA type approval (it uses spectrum, and the Official List covers its EMC and safety), and an NRCS LoA if it falls within VC 8055. The MoU Annexure A lists many smart appliances under both.
2. Choose the South African company that will hold the ICASA certificate and the NRCS LoA (importer, distributor or a local company acting for the manufacturer).
3. Check the bands against Annexure B: 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz and sub-GHz limits above.
4. Collect ATL reports (ISO/IEC 17025) for radio, EMC and safety, to the Official List standards or technically identical ones, complete and for the exact model. For NRCS, the test certificate must be less than 36 months old.
5. Register as a supplier with ICASA and file a Standard Type Approval application with photographs, manuals, functional description, schematics and PCB layout, and pay the R6,735 fee.
6. File the NRCS LoA application for the model.
7. Label: ICASA TA XXXX-YYYY label on the product and the packaging, or an e-label approved in writing.
8. Keep it valid: a change of operating band, RF power, brand, model or function ends the certificate; tell NRCS of design changes; watch for the commencement notice of the Equipment Authorisation Regulations, 2022.

See Certification timeline for planning this with other markets, and EU + US dual certification for the shared test plan that South Africa can reuse.

Claims the texts contradict

Claim	What the text says
ICASA has a "Class A" supplier declaration route and a "Class B" certificate route (made by this page before October 2026)	The 2013 Regulations have Standard and Simplified Type Approval, both ending in an ICASA certificate. The risk classes in force elsewhere are Classifications 1 to 3 of the 2022 Regulations, which have not commenced
ICASA publishes "Technical Specifications" in a "TA-xxx series" (made by this page)	The applicable standards are in the "Technical Regulations": the Official List of Regulated Standards, the SRD and the RFID regulations. "TA" is the prefix of the certificate number
The Type Approval Regulations date from 2010 (made by this page)	They are the Type Approval Regulations, 2013 (GN 871, GG 36785, 26 August 2013). The 2010 text was the earlier list of standards (GG 32885), repealed in 2015
The Equipment Authorisation Regulations, 2022 already apply	Regulation 27 leaves the commencement date to ICASA, and the March 2026 fee notice still applies regulation 10(3) of the 2013 Regulations
Product EMC is an NRCS matter under the LoA (made by this page)	The Official List regulates "the mandatory Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standards to which all electrical and electronic equipment must comply"; VC 8055 is a safety specification
ICASA covers radio only and leaves safety to NRCS	The radio application form requires test reports "(RF, EMC & Safety)", and the Official List includes safety standards such as SANS 62368-1
Reports must come from an ILAC-MRA laboratory	Regulation 1 defines an ATL as accredited by its national or another recognised body to ISO/IEC 17025; ILAC is not named
An e-label is admitted for products without enough surface (made by this page)	The e-label is defined for products with an integral display, and needs a prior written request to ICASA
The type approval number may appear on the packaging instead of the product (made by this page)	The label must be permanently affixed to the equipment, and the packaging must also bear a label
South African 5G uses n258 at 26 GHz (made by this page)	Nothing in the type approval texts supports this; the claim is removed
A US915 configuration cannot be sold in South Africa (made by this page)	Annexure B also lists 915 to 919.4 MHz for non-specific SRD at 25 mW e.r.p.; what matters is the exact band and power, not the regional profile name
SANS CISPR 32 must be cited by that name	The Official List calls it SANS 2332 (CISPR 32), and SANS 2335 (CISPR 35) for immunity

See also

• Africa: Egypt (NTRA), Nigeria (NCC), Kenya (CA)
• CITC and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
• TDRA (UAE) and SDPPI (Indonesia): radio approval
• GCC: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the G-Mark (GSO)
• India: BIS (CRS), TEC (MTCTE) and WPC (ETA) certifications

Working through this on a real product? AESTECHNO can audit your design and certification plan. Get in touch

Key takeaways

• ICASA type approval is required for any equipment used in connection with electronic communications (ECA section 35), and in October 2026 it still runs under the Type Approval Regulations, 2013.
• The routes are Standard (new equipment, full file with ATL test reports) and Simplified (identical to equipment on the Register). There is no declaration route.
• The certificate goes only to a South African registered company, takes generally 15 working days, costs R6,735 for radio equipment from 1 April 2026, and has unlimited validity until the band, RF power, model or standard changes.
• ICASA covers EMC and safety test reports as well as radio; NRCS issues the LoA under VC 8055 for mains-powered apparatus, and many smart products need both.
• Licence-exempt bands are in Annexure B (6 GHz Wi-Fi since 23 May 2023), but licence exemption does not remove type approval.
• The Equipment Authorisation Regulations, 2022 (risk classes, certification bodies, EA mark) are published but not yet in force.

For a wider regulatory map, see CE marking, FCC, RED, PTCRB, EU + US dual certification, Certification timeline, and the Glossary for definitions.

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Sources & references

1. ICASA, Type approval requirements for South Africa, ICASA www.icasa.org.za/pages/type-approval
2. Type Approval Regulations, 2013 (General Notice 871, Government Gazette 36785, 26 August 2013), ICASA www.icasa.org.za/uploads/files/Type-Approval-Regulations.pdf
3. Labelling Regulations, 2013 (General Notice 872, Government Gazette 36786, 26 August 2013), ICASA www.icasa.org.za/uploads/files/Labelling-Regulations.pdf
4. Guidelines relating to the Type Approval Framework (General Notice 883, Government Gazette 36792, 27 August 2013), ICASA www.icasa.org.za/uploads/files/Type-Approval-Guidelines.pdf
5. Equipment Authorisation Regulations, 2022 (Notice 1949, Government Gazette 46146, 31 March 2022), ICASA www.icasa.org.za/uploads/files/Equipment-Authorisation-Regulations-2022.pdf
6. Notice regarding the increase of administrative fees in relation to type approval, from 1 April 2026 (Notice 3843, Government Gazette 54379, 20 March 2026), ICASA www.icasa.org.za/uploads/files/54379-20-3-ICASA.pdf
7. Official List of Regulated Standards for Technical Equipment and Electronic Communications Facilities (Notice 896, Government Gazette 39182, 9 September 2015), ICASA www.icasa.org.za/uploads/files/List-of-Regulated-Standards-For-Technical-Equipment-and-Electronic-Communications-Equipment-Regulations.pdf
8. Official List Amendment Regulations of 2020 (Notice 357, Government Gazette 43132, 24 March 2020), gazette copy hosted by Ellipsis, ICASA (via Ellipsis) www.ellipsis.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Official-list-of-Regulated-Standards-for-Technical-Equipment-and-Electronic-Communications-Facilities-Amendment-Regulations-2021.pdf
9. Draft Official List Amendment Regulations of 2025 (Notice 3607, Government Gazette 53679, 17 November 2025), Government of South Africa www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202511/53679gen3607.pdf
10. Notice to amend Annexure B of the Radio Frequency Spectrum Regulations (Notice 1822, Government Gazette 48643, 23 May 2023), ICASA www.icasa.org.za/uploads/files/Notice-to-amend-Annexure-B-of-the-Radio-Frequency-Spectrum.pdf
11. ICASA releases more spectrum for Wi-Fi services in the lower 6 GHz band (23 May 2023), ICASA www.icasa.org.za/news/2023/icasa-releases-more-spectrum-for-wi-fi-services-in-the-lower-6ghz-band
12. Conformity Assessment Framework for Equipment Authorisation (Notice 200, Government Gazette 43047, 25 February 2020), ICASA www.icasa.org.za/uploads/files/Conformity-Assessment-Framework-for-Equipment-Authorization.pdf
13. ICASA/NRCS MoU, Annexure A: equipment authorisation concurrent jurisdiction, ICASA and NRCS www.icasa.org.za/uploads/files/ANNEXURE-A-Classification-List_Catalogue.pdf
14. ICASA signs a memorandum of understanding with SABS (media release, 3 June 2016), ICASA www.icasa.org.za/uploads/files/SABSmou.pdf
15. Compulsory Specification for Electrical and Electronic Apparatus, VC 8055 (Government Notice R. 89, Government Gazette 31844, 6 February 2009), Department of Trade and Industry www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/3184489.pdf
16. Amendment to VC 8055, LED luminaires (Government Notice 835, Government Gazette 38128, 31 October 2014), Department of Trade and Industry www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201410/38128gon835.pdf
17. NRCS Electrotechnical, acceptance of SANS/IEC 62368-1 as an alternative to SANS/IEC 60950 and 60065 (stakeholder letter, 1 April 2021, copy hosted by a third party), NRCS s94114a05781b53f6.jimcontent.com/download/version/1618558255/module/11492086574/name/SANS.IEC62368%20Stakeholder%20Letter%2001%20April%202021.pdf
18. ICASA to host a virtual workshop on the Designated Certification Body Programme for equipment type approvals (2023), ICASA www.icasa.org.za/news/2023/icasa-to-host-a-virtual-workshop-on-the-authoritys-designated-certification-body-programme-for-equipment-type-approvals
19. ICASA to hold public hearings on draft amendments to the Radio Frequency Spectrum Regulations and Fees Regulations (7 August 2026), ICASA www.icasa.org.za/news/2026/icasa-to-hold-public-hearings-on-draft-amendments-to-radio-frequency-spectrum-regulations-and-fees-regulations
20. National Regulator for Compulsory Specifications (NRCS), NRCS, Department of Trade, Industry and Competition www.nrcs.org.za/
21. Electronic Communications Act 36 of 2005, Government of South Africa www.gov.za/documents/electronic-communications-act
22. Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA), ICASA www.icasa.org.za/
23. South African Bureau of Standards (SABS), SABS www.sabs.co.za/