Standards & regulations reference

440 standards and regulations referenced across the guides. Pick a standard to jump straight to the guides that cover it.

EU directives & regulations 36

(EU) 2019/945: Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
(EU) 2019/947: Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
Directive (EU) 2019/882: Accessibility: European Accessibility Act, EN 301 549
HAC: Hearing Aid Compatibility (FCC 20.19, C63.19)
Directive 2006/42/EC: CE marking: dimensions, proportions and visual rules
Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
EN 60335: Household Appliance Safety, Parts 1 and 2-xx
EN 60598 Luminaire Safety: Part 1, Parts 2-xx, IP, IK
EN 62471 and EN 60825: photobiological and laser safety
EU AI Act: product compliance for manufacturers
EU Authorised Representative, Importer and Article 4
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
EU market surveillance and Safety Gate (formerly RAPEX)
Getting started with certification: where to begin
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
IEC 60945 maritime testing: categories, EMC, wheel mark
IEC 61508: generic functional safety and SIL levels
IEC 62443 (ISA-99), industrial control cybersecurity
ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
ISO 13849 and IEC 62061: machinery safety
Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU: a guide
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
NB surveillance audits: cadence and conduct
PED 2014/68/EU: thresholds, categories I-IV, modules
Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
Substantial modification: when to re-certify in the EU
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
Technical documentation file: required contents
User instructions, safety information & languages
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Directive 2009/48/EC: ASTM F963 and CPSIA: CPSC toy safety rules (16 CFR 1250)
CE marking: dimensions, proportions and visual rules
Cyber Resilience Act (CRA): EU baseline for digital
Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
EN 50332 and 62368-1: headphone sound limits explained
EN 71 and CE marking: EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC
EU market surveillance and Safety Gate (formerly RAPEX)
REACH 1907/2006: chemical substances and SVHC
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Directive 2011/65/EU: ASTM F963 and CPSIA: CPSC toy safety rules (16 CFR 1250)
California Prop 65 warnings for electronics
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
Conflict minerals: Dodd-Frank, EU 2017/821, CMRT and EMRT
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
CSPN and ANSSI Visa: French security certification
CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
DEEE in France: WEEE under French law, IDU and AGEC
Digital Product Passport (DPP): ESPR rules and registry
Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
EAC mark: conformity for the Eurasian Economic Union
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
EN 62471 and EN 60825: photobiological and laser safety
EN 71 and CE marking: EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC
Environmental compliance: what it asks of a product
ErP / Ecodesign 2009/125/EC: product energy efficiency
ESPR (EU) 2024/1781: Sustainable Products Regulation
EU Authorised Representative, Importer and Article 4
EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542: dates, passport, carbon
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
EU Ecolabel, PEF and LCA for electronic products
EU market surveillance and Safety Gate (formerly RAPEX)
EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
Getting started with certification: where to begin
HDMI Forum and HDMI LA: adopter licence, testing, cables
IEC 62133 and UN 38.3: Li-ion battery safety and transport
India: BIS (CRS), TEC (MTCTE) and WPC (ETA) certifications
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
Lithium battery shipping in 2026: IATA, IMDG, ADR, DOT
Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU: a guide
PPWR: the EU Packaging Regulation (EU) 2025/40
PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
REACH 1907/2006: chemical substances and SVHC
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
RoHS 2011/65/EU: 10 substances, exemptions, 2026 dates
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
Substantial modification: when to re-certify in the EU
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
Technical documentation file: required contents
TSCA: US Toxic Substances Control Act
UKCA marking in 2026: CE recognition, Fast-Track, UKNI
UKCA vs CE marking in 2026: what actually differs
WEEE 2012/19/EU: scope, marking, EPR and 2026 review
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
What certifications does an EV charger need?
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
Directive 2014/30/EU: ATEX and IECEx: equipment for explosive atmospheres
CE marking: dimensions, proportions and visual rules
CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
Certification costs: the official fee schedules
Certification test plan: template and checklist
Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
Conducted emissions: LISN method, CISPR and FCC limits
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
CPR and EN 50575: cable Euroclasses, AVCP, CPR 2.0
EMC chamber types: SAC, FAR, OATS, GTEM, reverberation
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
EN 60335: Household Appliance Safety, Parts 1 and 2-xx
EN 71 and CE marking: EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC
ESD per IEC 61000-4-2: method and test levels
EU Authorised Representative, Importer and Article 4
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
EU market surveillance and Safety Gate (formerly RAPEX)
EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
FCC ID, Grantee Code & TCB: equipment authorization
Getting started with certification: where to begin
HDMI Forum and HDMI LA: adopter licence, testing, cables
HEMP and IEMI: IEC 61000-4-25 and hardened electronics
IEC 61000-3-2 and 3-3: harmonic classes and flicker limits
IEC 61000-4-6: conducted RF immunity test method
IEC 61010: safety of laboratory and measurement equipment
IEC 62368-1: safety of AV, IT and communications gear
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
KNX, DALI-2 and EnOcean certification
Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU: a guide
MID 2014/32/EU: Measuring Instruments (MI-001 to 010)
Multi-marking layouts: CE, FCC, UKCA, ANATEL and other marks
PCB design for EMC: return paths, decoupling, stackup
PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
Radio spectrum: SRD and license-free bands
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
Substantial modification: when to re-certify in the EU
Surge and burst tests: IEC 61000-4-5 and 61000-4-4
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
Technical documentation file: required contents
UKCA vs CE marking in 2026: what actually differs
UN R10 (ECE R10): automotive EMC and the E-mark
User instructions, safety information & languages
Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
What certifications does an EV charger need?
What is EMC? Emissions, immunity and coupling
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
Directive 2014/31/EU: Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
MID 2014/32/EU: Measuring Instruments (MI-001 to 010)
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
Directive 2014/32/EU: EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
IEC 61010: safety of laboratory and measurement equipment
MID 2014/32/EU: Measuring Instruments (MI-001 to 010)
Directive 2014/33/EU: Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU: a guide
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
NB surveillance audits: cadence and conduct
PED 2014/68/EU: thresholds, categories I-IV, modules
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
Directive 2014/34/EU: ATEX and IECEx: equipment for explosive atmospheres
Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU: a guide
NB surveillance audits: cadence and conduct
PED 2014/68/EU: thresholds, categories I-IV, modules
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Directive 2014/35/EU: ATEX and IECEx: equipment for explosive atmospheres
CB Scheme (IECEE): global safety via one report
CE marking: dimensions, proportions and visual rules
Certification costs: the official fee schedules
Certification test plan: template and checklist
Certification timeline: the durations set by the texts
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
CPR and EN 50575: cable Euroclasses, AVCP, CPR 2.0
CSPN and ANSSI Visa: French security certification
Cyber Resilience Act (CRA): EU baseline for digital
EAC mark: conformity for the Eurasian Economic Union
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
EN 50332 and 62368-1: headphone sound limits explained
EN 60335: Household Appliance Safety, Parts 1 and 2-xx
EN 60598 Luminaire Safety: Part 1, Parts 2-xx, IP, IK
EN 62471 and EN 60825: photobiological and laser safety
EN 71 and CE marking: EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC
EU Authorised Representative, Importer and Article 4
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
EU market surveillance and Safety Gate (formerly RAPEX)
EU Medical Device Regulation 2017/745: Article 2, Rule 11
EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
GCC: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the G-Mark (GSO)
Getting started with certification: where to begin
GPSR (Regulation 2023/988): requirements and key dates
HDMI Forum and HDMI LA: adopter licence, testing, cables
IEC 61010: safety of laboratory and measurement equipment
IEC 62133 and UN 38.3: Li-ion battery safety and transport
IEC 62368-1: safety of AV, IT and communications gear
India: BIS (CRS), TEC (MTCTE) and WPC (ETA) certifications
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
IP and IK ratings: ingress protection explained
KNX, DALI-2 and EnOcean certification
Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU: a guide
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
MID 2014/32/EU: Measuring Instruments (MI-001 to 010)
Multi-marking layouts: CE, FCC, UKCA, ANATEL and other marks
NOM and IFT/CRT homologation: certification in Mexico
NRTL / UL listing: when a US safety mark is required
PED 2014/68/EU: thresholds, categories I-IV, modules
PPWR: the EU Packaging Regulation (EU) 2025/40
PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
Substantial modification: when to re-certify in the EU
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
Technical documentation file: required contents
UKCA marking in 2026: CE recognition, Fast-Track, UKNI
UKCA vs CE marking in 2026: what actually differs
User instructions, safety information & languages
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
What certifications does an EV charger need?
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
Directive 2014/53/EU: Bluetooth SIG qualification: process, fees and DN
CE marking: dimensions, proportions and visual rules
CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
Certification costs: the official fee schedules
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
E-label vs physical label: rules by jurisdiction
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
EN 50332 and 62368-1: headphone sound limits explained
EN 71 and CE marking: EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC
EU AI Act: product compliance for manufacturers
EU Authorised Representative, Importer and Article 4
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
EU market surveillance and Safety Gate (formerly RAPEX)
EU Medical Device Regulation 2017/745: Article 2, Rule 11
EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
FCC permissive changes: Class I, II, III and RED delta
Getting started with certification: where to begin
HAC: Hearing Aid Compatibility (FCC 20.19, C63.19)
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
IEC 61000-3-2 and 3-3: harmonic classes and flicker limits
IEC 61000-4-6: conducted RF immunity test method
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
KC mark: South Korea radio, EMC and safety approval
KNX, DALI-2 and EnOcean certification
Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU: a guide
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
MFi (Made for iPhone), Apple accessory certification
MID 2014/32/EU: Measuring Instruments (MI-001 to 010)
NB surveillance audits: cadence and conduct
New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
NFC Forum certification: CR15, device classes, fees
Niche wireless: ANT+, KNX RF, DECT ULE, 6LoWPAN
NRTL / UL listing: when a US safety mark is required
Product cybersecurity: obligation, evaluation, label
Qi and Qi2 certification: WPC, FCC and RED rules
Radio spectrum: SRD and license-free bands
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
Substantial modification: when to re-certify in the EU
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
Technical documentation file: required contents
TELEC / GITEKI: radio certification in Japan
UKCA marking in 2026: CE recognition, Fast-Track, UKNI
UKCA vs CE marking in 2026: what actually differs
USB-IF: USB-C, USB4 and USB Power Delivery certification
User instructions, safety information & languages
Vietnam MIC/MOST: radio, telecom and ICT certification
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
What certifications does an EV charger need?
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Wi-Fi Alliance certification: paths, fees, Wi-Fi 7
Wireless certification: the law vs the logo
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
Directive 2014/68/EU: Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
NB surveillance audits: cadence and conduct
PED 2014/68/EU: thresholds, categories I-IV, modules
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Directive 2014/90/EU: Cyber Resilience Act (CRA): EU baseline for digital
EU Authorised Representative, Importer and Article 4
Directive 98/79/EC: Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 2016: UKCA vs CE marking in 2026: what actually differs
Electromagnetic Compatibility Regulations 2016: UKCA vs CE marking in 2026: what actually differs
Radio Equipment Regulations 2017: Technical documentation file: required contents
UKCA marking in 2026: CE recognition, Fast-Track, UKNI
UKCA vs CE marking in 2026: what actually differs
Regulation (EU) 2016/425: CE marking: dimensions, proportions and visual rules
NB surveillance audits: cadence and conduct
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
Regulation (EU) 2018/858: ISO 26262: automotive functional safety, 12 parts
ISO/SAE 21434, UN R155 and R156: automotive cyber
UN R10 (ECE R10): automotive EMC and the E-mark
Regulation (EU) 2019/2144: Cyber Resilience Act (CRA): EU baseline for digital
ISO 26262: automotive functional safety, 12 parts
ISO/SAE 21434, UN R155 and R156: automotive cyber
UN R10 (ECE R10): automotive EMC and the E-mark
Regulation (EU) 2022/30: Amazon Alexa and Google Cast device certification
Certification costs: the official fee schedules
Certification timeline: the durations set by the texts
Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
Cyber Resilience Act (CRA): EU baseline for digital
Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
EN 71 and CE marking: EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC
ETSI EN 303 645: cybersecurity for consumer IoT
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
FCC permissive changes: Class I, II, III and RED delta
Getting started with certification: where to begin
Substantial modification: when to re-certify in the EU
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
Technical documentation file: required contents
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
Regulation (EU) 2024/1781: CPR and EN 50575: cable Euroclasses, AVCP, CPR 2.0
DEEE in France: WEEE under French law, IDU and AGEC
Digital Product Passport (DPP): ESPR rules and registry
E-label vs physical label: rules by jurisdiction
EN 60598 Luminaire Safety: Part 1, Parts 2-xx, IP, IK
ErP / Ecodesign 2009/125/EC: product energy efficiency
ESPR (EU) 2024/1781: Sustainable Products Regulation
EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542: dates, passport, carbon
EU Ecolabel, PEF and LCA for electronic products
Multi-marking layouts: CE, FCC, UKCA, ANATEL and other marks
WEEE 2012/19/EU: scope, marking, EPR and 2026 review
Regulation (EU) 2024/2847: Amazon Alexa and Google Cast device certification
Certification test plan: template and checklist
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
CMMC and UK Cyber Essentials: defense cyber baselines
Common Criteria (ISO/IEC 15408): EAL, CCRA, EUCC
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
CSPN and ANSSI Visa: French security certification
Cyber Resilience Act (CRA): EU baseline for digital
ESPR (EU) 2024/1781: Sustainable Products Regulation
ETSI EN 303 645: cybersecurity for consumer IoT
EU AI Act: product compliance for manufacturers
EU Authorised Representative, Importer and Article 4
EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542: dates, passport, carbon
EU Medical Device Regulation 2017/745: Article 2, Rule 11
EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
FCC permissive changes: Class I, II, III and RED delta
Getting started with certification: where to begin
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
IEC 62443 (ISA-99), industrial control cybersecurity
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
ISO/SAE 21434, UN R155 and R156: automotive cyber
Multi-marking layouts: CE, FCC, UKCA, ANATEL and other marks
NIST IR 8425 and the US Cyber Trust Mark in 2026
NIST SP 800-213 and IR 8259A: US IoT security baseline
PSA Certified: levels, SESIP profiles and the CRA
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
SESIP and EN 17927: IoT platform security evaluation
Substantial modification: when to re-certify in the EU
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
TCG TPM 2.0 Library Specification and compliance guide
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
What certifications does an EV charger need?
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
Regulation (EU) 2025/40: DEEE in France: WEEE under French law, IDU and AGEC
PPWR: the EU Packaging Regulation (EU) 2025/40
Regulation 1025/2012: Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
Regulation 2016/425: CE marking: dimensions, proportions and visual rules
Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
Regulation 2017/745: CE marking: dimensions, proportions and visual rules
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
EU AI Act: product compliance for manufacturers
EU Authorised Representative, Importer and Article 4
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
FCC permissive changes: Class I, II, III and RED delta
IVDR 2017/746: classes A to D and the 2027-2029 deadlines
NB surveillance audits: cadence and conduct
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
Substantial modification: when to re-certify in the EU
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
Technical documentation file: required contents
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Regulation 2017/746: Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
NB surveillance audits: cadence and conduct
Regulation 2019/1020: Accessibility: European Accessibility Act, EN 301 549
CE marking: dimensions, proportions and visual rules
Certification costs: the official fee schedules
Conformity assessment bodies and accreditation
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
Cyber Resilience Act (CRA): EU baseline for digital
Digital Product Passport (DPP): ESPR rules and registry
Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
ESPR (EU) 2024/1781: Sustainable Products Regulation
EU Authorised Representative, Importer and Article 4
EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542: dates, passport, carbon
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
EU market surveillance and Safety Gate (formerly RAPEX)
EU product recall procedure: Safety Gate (RAPEX) response
Getting started with certification: where to begin
GPSR (Regulation 2023/988): requirements and key dates
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
RoHS 2011/65/EU: 10 substances, exemptions, 2026 dates
Substantial modification: when to re-certify in the EU
Technical documentation file: required contents
UKCA vs CE marking in 2026: what actually differs
WEEE 2012/19/EU: scope, marking, EPR and 2026 review
Regulation 2023/1230: CE marking: dimensions, proportions and visual rules
Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
EN 60335: Household Appliance Safety, Parts 1 and 2-xx
EN 60598 Luminaire Safety: Part 1, Parts 2-xx, IP, IK
EN 62471 and EN 60825: photobiological and laser safety
EU AI Act: product compliance for manufacturers
EU Authorised Representative, Importer and Article 4
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
Getting started with certification: where to begin
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
IEC 60945 maritime testing: categories, EMC, wheel mark
IEC 61508: generic functional safety and SIL levels
IEC 62443 (ISA-99), industrial control cybersecurity
ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
ISO 13849 and IEC 62061: machinery safety
Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU: a guide
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
NB surveillance audits: cadence and conduct
PED 2014/68/EU: thresholds, categories I-IV, modules
Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
Substantial modification: when to re-certify in the EU
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
Technical documentation file: required contents
UKCA marking in 2026: CE recognition, Fast-Track, UKNI
User instructions, safety information & languages
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Regulation 2023/1542: Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
Conflict minerals: Dodd-Frank, EU 2017/821, CMRT and EMRT
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
DEEE in France: WEEE under French law, IDU and AGEC
Digital Product Passport (DPP): ESPR rules and registry
E-label vs physical label: rules by jurisdiction
Environmental compliance: what it asks of a product
ErP / Ecodesign 2009/125/EC: product energy efficiency
ESPR (EU) 2024/1781: Sustainable Products Regulation
EU Authorised Representative, Importer and Article 4
EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542: dates, passport, carbon
EU Ecolabel, PEF and LCA for electronic products
Lithium battery shipping in 2026: IATA, IMDG, ADR, DOT
Multi-marking layouts: CE, FCC, UKCA, ANATEL and other marks
PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
REACH 1907/2006: chemical substances and SVHC
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
RoHS 2011/65/EU: 10 substances, exemptions, 2026 dates
WEEE 2012/19/EU: scope, marking, EPR and 2026 review
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
Regulation 2023/988: Digital Product Passport (DPP): ESPR rules and registry
EN 50332 and 62368-1: headphone sound limits explained
ESPR (EU) 2024/1781: Sustainable Products Regulation
EU market surveillance and Safety Gate (formerly RAPEX)
EU product recall procedure: Safety Gate (RAPEX) response
Getting started with certification: where to begin
GPSR (Regulation 2023/988): requirements and key dates
IEC 62368-1: safety of AV, IT and communications gear
Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU: a guide
Substantial modification: when to re-certify in the EU
User instructions, safety information & languages
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Regulation 2024/1689: EU AI Act: product compliance for manufacturers
Regulation 765/2008: Accessibility: European Accessibility Act, EN 301 549
CE marking: dimensions, proportions and visual rules
Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
Conformity assessment bodies and accreditation
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
E-label vs physical label: rules by jurisdiction
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
Multi-marking layouts: CE, FCC, UKCA, ANATEL and other marks

Harmonised EN standards 93

EN 1125: Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
EN 12952: PED 2014/68/EU: thresholds, categories I-IV, modules
EN 12953: PED 2014/68/EU: thresholds, categories I-IV, modules
EN 13445: PED 2014/68/EU: thresholds, categories I-IV, modules
EN 13480: PED 2014/68/EU: thresholds, categories I-IV, modules
EN 14846: Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
EN 179: Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
EN 18031: Bluetooth SIG qualification: process, fees and DN
Certification costs: the official fee schedules
Certification timeline: the durations set by the texts
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
CMMC and UK Cyber Essentials: defense cyber baselines
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
CSPN and ANSSI Visa: French security certification
Cyber Resilience Act (CRA): EU baseline for digital
DECT Forum certification: classic DECT, ULE, CAT-iq, NR+
ETSI EN 303 645: cybersecurity for consumer IoT
EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
Getting started with certification: where to begin
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
IEC 62443 (ISA-99), industrial control cybersecurity
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
Niche wireless: ANT+, KNX RF, DECT ULE, 6LoWPAN
NIST IR 8425 and the US Cyber Trust Mark in 2026
NIST SP 800-213 and IR 8259A: US IoT security baseline
PSA Certified: levels, SESIP profiles and the CRA
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
SESIP and EN 17927: IoT platform security evaluation
Thread Group certification: tiers, fees, Thread 1.4
UKCA vs CE marking in 2026: what actually differs
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Wi-Fi Alliance certification: paths, fees, Wi-Fi 7
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
EN 18031-1: 3GPP RF Conformance: TS 36.521, 38.521 and 38.533
Amazon Alexa and Google Cast device certification
Certification test plan: template and checklist
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
CSPN and ANSSI Visa: French security certification
Cyber Resilience Act (CRA): EU baseline for digital
EN 71 and CE marking: EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC
ETSI EN 303 645: cybersecurity for consumer IoT
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
FCC permissive changes: Class I, II, III and RED delta
Getting started with certification: where to begin
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
KNX, DALI-2 and EnOcean certification
Matter certification (CSA): process, DAC and DCL
NFC Forum certification: CR15, device classes, fees
NIST IR 8425 and the US Cyber Trust Mark in 2026
NIST SP 800-213 and IR 8259A: US IoT security baseline
PSA Certified: levels, SESIP profiles and the CRA
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
SESIP and EN 17927: IoT platform security evaluation
Substantial modification: when to re-certify in the EU
Thread Group certification: tiers, fees, Thread 1.4
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
Wi-SUN certification: FAN, HAN, JUTA, fees and labs
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
EN 18031-2: Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
Cyber Resilience Act (CRA): EU baseline for digital
EN 71 and CE marking: EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC
ETSI EN 303 645: cybersecurity for consumer IoT
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
EN 18031-3: Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
Cyber Resilience Act (CRA): EU baseline for digital
EN 71 and CE marking: EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC
ETSI EN 303 645: cybersecurity for consumer IoT
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
EN 300 220: Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA
KNX, DALI-2 and EnOcean certification
LoRaWAN certification: fees, test labs, TS001 and RP002
Malaysia SIRIM, ST and MCMC: product and radio approval
New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
Niche wireless: ANT+, KNX RF, DECT ULE, 6LoWPAN
Radio spectrum: SRD and license-free bands
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
Singapore IMDA: ESER, SER, GER registration and TS rules
TDRA (UAE) and SDPPI (Indonesia): radio approval
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
Wi-SUN certification: FAN, HAN, JUTA, fees and labs
Zigbee CSA certification: 3.0, 4.0, Suzi and retest rules
EN 300 220-1: New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
Singapore IMDA: ESER, SER, GER registration and TS rules
EN 300 328: Africa: Egypt (NTRA), Nigeria (NCC), Kenya (CA)
ANATEL Brazil: certification and Homologation Number
Antenna design and impedance matching for IoT
Bluetooth SIG qualification: process, fees and DN
CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
Certification test plan: template and checklist
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
GCC: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the G-Mark (GSO)
Getting started with certification: where to begin
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
KC mark: South Korea radio, EMC and safety approval
KNX, DALI-2 and EnOcean certification
Malaysia SIRIM, ST and MCMC: product and radio approval
Measurement uncertainty: GUM, CISPR 16-4-2, decision rules
New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
Niche wireless: ANT+, KNX RF, DECT ULE, 6LoWPAN
Radio spectrum: SRD and license-free bands
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
Singapore IMDA: ESER, SER, GER registration and TS rules
TDRA (UAE) and SDPPI (Indonesia): radio approval
TELEC / GITEKI: radio certification in Japan
Thailand NBTC: SDoC, Class A and Class B approval
Thread Group certification: tiers, fees, Thread 1.4
UKCA marking in 2026: CE recognition, Fast-Track, UKNI
UKCA vs CE marking in 2026: what actually differs
What certifications does an EV charger need?
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Wi-Fi Alliance certification: paths, fees, Wi-Fi 7
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
Zigbee CSA certification: 3.0, 4.0, Suzi and retest rules
EN 300 330: NFC Forum certification: CR15, device classes, fees
Qi and Qi2 certification: WPC, FCC and RED rules
Singapore IMDA: ESER, SER, GER registration and TS rules
EN 300 444: Niche wireless: ANT+, KNX RF, DECT ULE, 6LoWPAN
EN 301 406: DECT Forum certification: classic DECT, ULE, CAT-iq, NR+
Niche wireless: ANT+, KNX RF, DECT ULE, 6LoWPAN
EN 301 489: CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
Certification test plan: template and checklist
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
GCC: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the G-Mark (GSO)
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA
New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
Niche wireless: ANT+, KNX RF, DECT ULE, 6LoWPAN
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
Singapore IMDA: ESER, SER, GER registration and TS rules
UKCA marking in 2026: CE recognition, Fast-Track, UKNI
UKCA vs CE marking in 2026: what actually differs
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
What certifications does an EV charger need?
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
EN 301 489-1: CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
DECT Forum certification: classic DECT, ULE, CAT-iq, NR+
EAC mark: conformity for the Eurasian Economic Union
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
IEC 61000-4-3: radiated RF field immunity
IEC 61000-4-6: conducted RF immunity test method
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
Malaysia SIRIM, ST and MCMC: product and radio approval
PCB design for EMC: return paths, decoupling, stackup
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
TDRA (UAE) and SDPPI (Indonesia): radio approval
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
Wi-SUN certification: FAN, HAN, JUTA, fees and labs
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
EN 301 489-17: Bluetooth SIG qualification: process, fees and DN
CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
Certification test plan: template and checklist
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
Getting started with certification: where to begin
PCB design for EMC: return paths, decoupling, stackup
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
Thread Group certification: tiers, fees, Thread 1.4
Wi-Fi Alliance certification: paths, fees, Wi-Fi 7
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
EN 301 489-3: EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
KNX, DALI-2 and EnOcean certification
NFC Forum certification: CR15, device classes, fees
Qi and Qi2 certification: WPC, FCC and RED rules
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
EN 301 489-6: DECT Forum certification: classic DECT, ULE, CAT-iq, NR+
EN 301 549: Accessibility: European Accessibility Act, EN 301 549
HAC: Hearing Aid Compatibility (FCC 20.19, C63.19)
User instructions, safety information & languages
EN 301 893: ANATEL Brazil: certification and Homologation Number
Certification test plan: template and checklist
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
GCC: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the G-Mark (GSO)
ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
KC mark: South Korea radio, EMC and safety approval
Malaysia SIRIM, ST and MCMC: product and radio approval
New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
Radio spectrum: SRD and license-free bands
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
Singapore IMDA: ESER, SER, GER registration and TS rules
TDRA (UAE) and SDPPI (Indonesia): radio approval
Thailand NBTC: SDoC, Class A and Class B approval
Wi-Fi Alliance certification: paths, fees, Wi-Fi 7
EN 301 908: Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
DECT Forum certification: classic DECT, ULE, CAT-iq, NR+
GCC: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the G-Mark (GSO)
ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
What certifications does an EV charger need?
EN 301 908-13: 3GPP RF Conformance: TS 36.521, 38.521 and 38.533
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
EN 301 908-25: 3GPP RF Conformance: TS 36.521, 38.521 and 38.533
ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
EN 302 065: UWB and FiRa Consortium certification
EN 302 065-1: New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
UWB and FiRa Consortium certification
EN 302 502: Singapore IMDA: ESER, SER, GER registration and TS rules
TDRA (UAE) and SDPPI (Indonesia): radio approval
Thailand NBTC: SDoC, Class A and Class B approval
EN 303 413: Antenna design and impedance matching for IoT
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
EN 303 417: Qi and Qi2 certification: WPC, FCC and RED rules
EN 303 636: DECT Forum certification: classic DECT, ULE, CAT-iq, NR+
EN 303 645: Amazon Alexa and Google Cast device certification
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
CMMC and UK Cyber Essentials: defense cyber baselines
Common Criteria (ISO/IEC 15408): EAL, CCRA, EUCC
CSPN and ANSSI Visa: French security certification
Cyber Resilience Act (CRA): EU baseline for digital
ETSI EN 303 645: cybersecurity for consumer IoT
EU AI Act: product compliance for manufacturers
EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
FIPS 140-3: cryptographic module validation
IEC 62443 (ISA-99), industrial control cybersecurity
Multi-marking layouts: CE, FCC, UKCA, ANATEL and other marks
NIST IR 8425 and the US Cyber Trust Mark in 2026
NIST SP 800-213 and IR 8259A: US IoT security baseline
Product cybersecurity: obligation, evaluation, label
PSA Certified: levels, SESIP profiles and the CRA
Qi and Qi2 certification: WPC, FCC and RED rules
SESIP and EN 17927: IoT platform security evaluation
Singapore IMDA: ESER, SER, GER registration and TS rules
TCG TPM 2.0 Library Specification and compliance guide
UKCA marking in 2026: CE recognition, Fast-Track, UKNI
UKCA vs CE marking in 2026: what actually differs
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
EN 303 687: Antenna design and impedance matching for IoT
DECT Forum certification: classic DECT, ULE, CAT-iq, NR+
ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA
Malaysia SIRIM, ST and MCMC: product and radio approval
New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
Singapore IMDA: ESER, SER, GER registration and TS rules
TDRA (UAE) and SDPPI (Indonesia): radio approval
Thailand NBTC: SDoC, Class A and Class B approval
Wi-Fi Alliance certification: paths, fees, Wi-Fi 7
EN 4709-001: Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
EN 4709-002: Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
EN 50121-4: IEC 61000-4-8 magnetic field immunity: 1 to 100 A/m
EN 50126: EN 50716, EN 50128, EN 50657: railway software
EN 50128: EN 50716, EN 50128, EN 50657: railway software
IATF 16949: automotive quality management
IEC 61508: generic functional safety and SIL levels
ISO 26262: automotive functional safety, 12 parts
Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
EN 50129: EN 50716, EN 50128, EN 50657: railway software
EN 50360: Antenna design and impedance matching for IoT
Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
EN 50332 and 62368-1: headphone sound limits explained
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
Getting started with certification: where to begin
HAC: Hearing Aid Compatibility (FCC 20.19, C63.19)
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
HEMP and IEMI: IEC 61000-4-25 and hardened electronics
IEC 61000-3-2 and 3-3: harmonic classes and flicker limits
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?
LATAM: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru homologation
Malaysia SIRIM, ST and MCMC: product and radio approval
New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
TELEC / GITEKI: radio certification in Japan
Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
EN 50385: CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
Getting started with certification: where to begin
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
EN 50399: CPR and EN 50575: cable Euroclasses, AVCP, CPR 2.0
EN 50566: Certification test plan: template and checklist
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
Getting started with certification: where to begin
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
Malaysia SIRIM, ST and MCMC: product and radio approval
New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
EN 50575: ASTM F963 and CPSIA: CPSC toy safety rules (16 CFR 1250)
CPR and EN 50575: cable Euroclasses, AVCP, CPR 2.0
Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
UKCA marking in 2026: CE recognition, Fast-Track, UKNI
UKCA vs CE marking in 2026: what actually differs
EN 50581: EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
RoHS 2011/65/EU: 10 substances, exemptions, 2026 dates
EN 50657: EN 50716, EN 50128, EN 50657: railway software
IATF 16949: automotive quality management
IEC 61508: generic functional safety and SIL levels
ISO 26262: automotive functional safety, 12 parts
EN 50716: EN 50716, EN 50128, EN 50657: railway software
IEC 61508: generic functional safety and SIL levels
ISO 26262: automotive functional safety, 12 parts
EN 55014: EN 60335: Household Appliance Safety, Parts 1 and 2-xx
EN 55024: Africa: Egypt (NTRA), Nigeria (NCC), Kenya (CA)
CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
IEC 61000-4-3: radiated RF field immunity
IEC 61000-4-6: conducted RF immunity test method
IEC 61000-4-8 magnetic field immunity: 1 to 100 A/m
Surge and burst tests: IEC 61000-4-5 and 61000-4-4
Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
EN 55032: ANATEL Brazil: certification and Homologation Number
CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
Certification test plan: template and checklist
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
Conducted emissions: LISN method, CISPR and FCC limits
Conformity assessment bodies and accreditation
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
Getting started with certification: where to begin
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
HDMI Forum and HDMI LA: adopter licence, testing, cables
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
KC mark: South Korea radio, EMC and safety approval
Measurement uncertainty: GUM, CISPR 16-4-2, decision rules
New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
PCB design for EMC: return paths, decoupling, stackup
Pre-compliance EMC: TEM cell, near-field probes, LISN
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
EN 55035: ANATEL Brazil: certification and Homologation Number
CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
Certification test plan: template and checklist
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
Conducted emissions: LISN method, CISPR and FCC limits
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
EMC chamber types: SAC, FAR, OATS, GTEM, reverberation
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
ESD per IEC 61000-4-2: method and test levels
Getting started with certification: where to begin
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
HDMI Forum and HDMI LA: adopter licence, testing, cables
IEC 61000-4-3: radiated RF field immunity
IEC 61000-4-6: conducted RF immunity test method
IEC 61000-4-8 magnetic field immunity: 1 to 100 A/m
New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
PCB design for EMC: return paths, decoupling, stackup
Pre-compliance EMC: TEM cell, near-field probes, LISN
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
Surge and burst tests: IEC 61000-4-5 and 61000-4-4
Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
Which EU directives apply to my product?
EN 60079: ATEX and IECEx: equipment for explosive atmospheres
EN 60079-0: ATEX and IECEx: equipment for explosive atmospheres
EN 60079-1: ATEX and IECEx: equipment for explosive atmospheres
EN 60079-11: ATEX and IECEx: equipment for explosive atmospheres
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
EN 60079-15: ATEX and IECEx: equipment for explosive atmospheres
EN 60079-18: ATEX and IECEx: equipment for explosive atmospheres
EN 60079-2: ATEX and IECEx: equipment for explosive atmospheres
EN 60079-31: ATEX and IECEx: equipment for explosive atmospheres
EN 60079-5: ATEX and IECEx: equipment for explosive atmospheres
EN 60079-6: ATEX and IECEx: equipment for explosive atmospheres
EN 60079-7: ATEX and IECEx: equipment for explosive atmospheres
EN 60204-1: Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
EN 60332-1-2: CPR and EN 50575: cable Euroclasses, AVCP, CPR 2.0
EN 60335-1: Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
EN 60335: Household Appliance Safety, Parts 1 and 2-xx
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU: a guide
EN 60598-1: EN 60598 Luminaire Safety: Part 1, Parts 2-xx, IP, IK
KNX, DALI-2 and EnOcean certification
Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU: a guide
EN 60601-1-2: ESD per IEC 61000-4-2: method and test levels
IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 61000-4-8 magnetic field immunity: 1 to 100 A/m
MDR class IIb and III: routes, CECP, PSUR, EUDAMED
Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
EN 60754-1: CPR and EN 50575: cable Euroclasses, AVCP, CPR 2.0
EN 60754-2: CPR and EN 50575: cable Euroclasses, AVCP, CPR 2.0
EN 61000-4-x: CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
EN 61000-6-1: CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
Certification test plan: template and checklist
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
ESD per IEC 61000-4-2: method and test levels
IEC 61000-4-3: radiated RF field immunity
IEC 61000-4-6: conducted RF immunity test method
IEC 61000-4-8 magnetic field immunity: 1 to 100 A/m
PCB design for EMC: return paths, decoupling, stackup
Surge and burst tests: IEC 61000-4-5 and 61000-4-4
Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
EN 61000-6-2: CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
Certification test plan: template and checklist
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
ESD per IEC 61000-4-2: method and test levels
IEC 61000-4-3: radiated RF field immunity
IEC 61000-4-6: conducted RF immunity test method
IEC 61000-4-8 magnetic field immunity: 1 to 100 A/m
PCB design for EMC: return paths, decoupling, stackup
Surge and burst tests: IEC 61000-4-5 and 61000-4-4
Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
EN 61010-1: IEC 61010: safety of laboratory and measurement equipment
Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU: a guide
EN 61034-2: CPR and EN 50575: cable Euroclasses, AVCP, CPR 2.0
EN 61326-1: EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
EN 61547: KNX, DALI-2 and EnOcean certification
EN 61558-2-7: EN 71 and CE marking: EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC
EN 62115: EN 71 and CE marking: EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC
GCC: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the G-Mark (GSO)
EN 62209: SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
EN 62209-1: New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
EN 62209-2: SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
EN 62311: Bluetooth SIG qualification: process, fees and DN
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
DECT Forum certification: classic DECT, ULE, CAT-iq, NR+
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
GCC: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the G-Mark (GSO)
Getting started with certification: where to begin
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
Qi and Qi2 certification: WPC, FCC and RED rules
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
Thread Group certification: tiers, fees, Thread 1.4
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
EN 62368-1: CB Scheme (IECEE): global safety via one report
Certification test plan: template and checklist
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
Conformity assessment bodies and accreditation
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
DECT Forum certification: classic DECT, ULE, CAT-iq, NR+
EN 50332 and 62368-1: headphone sound limits explained
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
Getting started with certification: where to begin
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
HDMI Forum and HDMI LA: adopter licence, testing, cables
IEC 62368-1: safety of AV, IT and communications gear
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU: a guide
NRTL / UL listing: when a US safety mark is required
Qi and Qi2 certification: WPC, FCC and RED rules
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
Technical documentation file: required contents
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
EN 62479: Bluetooth SIG qualification: process, fees and DN
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
DECT Forum certification: classic DECT, ULE, CAT-iq, NR+
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
GCC: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the G-Mark (GSO)
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
Thread Group certification: tiers, fees, Thread 1.4
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
EN 71: ASTM F963 and CPSIA: CPSC toy safety rules (16 CFR 1250)
Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
EN 50332 and 62368-1: headphone sound limits explained
EN 60335: Household Appliance Safety, Parts 1 and 2-xx
EN 71 and CE marking: EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC
GCC: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the G-Mark (GSO)
GPSR (Regulation 2023/988): requirements and key dates
REACH 1907/2006: chemical substances and SVHC
EN 71-6: EN 71 and CE marking: EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC
EN ISO 13855: ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
EN ISO 14119: ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
EN ISO 14120: ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
EN ISO 14971: Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
EU AI Act: product compliance for manufacturers
IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
MDR class IIb and III: routes, CECP, PSUR, EUDAMED
Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
EN ISO 4126: PED 2014/68/EU: thresholds, categories I-IV, modules

ETSI standards 3

ETSI: 3GPP RF Conformance: TS 36.521, 38.521 and 38.533
Accessibility: European Accessibility Act, EN 301 549
Africa: Egypt (NTRA), Nigeria (NCC), Kenya (CA)
ANATEL Brazil: certification and Homologation Number
CMMC and UK Cyber Essentials: defense cyber baselines
CSPN and ANSSI Visa: French security certification
CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
Cyber Resilience Act (CRA): EU baseline for digital
DECT Forum certification: classic DECT, ULE, CAT-iq, NR+
Deutsche Telekom IoT: module certification and nuSIM
Digital Product Passport (DPP): ESPR rules and registry
ETSI EN 303 645: cybersecurity for consumer IoT
FIPS 140-3: cryptographic module validation
GCC: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the G-Mark (GSO)
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA
IEC 61000-4-3: radiated RF field immunity
IEC 61000-4-6: conducted RF immunity test method
IEC 62443 (ISA-99), industrial control cybersecurity
India: BIS (CRS), TEC (MTCTE) and WPC (ETA) certifications
KC mark: South Korea radio, EMC and safety approval
KNX, DALI-2 and EnOcean certification
LATAM: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru homologation
LoRaWAN certification: fees, test labs, TS001 and RP002
Malaysia SIRIM, ST and MCMC: product and radio approval
Measurement uncertainty: GUM, CISPR 16-4-2, decision rules
NCC Taiwan: radio approval, LP0002 and the BSMI mark
New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
NFC Forum certification: CR15, device classes, fees
Niche wireless: ANT+, KNX RF, DECT ULE, 6LoWPAN
NIST IR 8425 and the US Cyber Trust Mark in 2026
NIST SP 800-213 and IR 8259A: US IoT security baseline
NOM and IFT/CRT homologation: certification in Mexico
Philippines NTC: type acceptance, SRD and Wi-Fi rules
Product cybersecurity: obligation, evaluation, label
PSA Certified: levels, SESIP profiles and the CRA
Qi and Qi2 certification: WPC, FCC and RED rules
Radio spectrum: SRD and license-free bands
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
SESIP and EN 17927: IoT platform security evaluation
Singapore IMDA: ESER, SER, GER registration and TS rules
SRRC and CMIIT ID: China radio type approval in 2026
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
TCG TPM 2.0 Library Specification and compliance guide
TDRA (UAE) and SDPPI (Indonesia): radio approval
TELEC / GITEKI: radio certification in Japan
Thailand NBTC: SDoC, Class A and Class B approval
UWB and FiRa Consortium certification
Vietnam MIC/MOST: radio, telecom and ICT certification
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
Which EU directives apply to my product?
ETSI EN 300 328: Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
Measurement uncertainty: GUM, CISPR 16-4-2, decision rules
ETSI EN 303 687: NCC Taiwan: radio approval, LP0002 and the BSMI mark

ISO / IEC standards 168

EN 61000-3-3: Conducted emissions: LISN method, CISPR and FCC limits
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
IEC 61000-3-2 and 3-3: harmonic classes and flicker limits
UN R10 (ECE R10): automotive EMC and the E-mark
EN IEC 61000-3-2: Conducted emissions: LISN method, CISPR and FCC limits
CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
ESD per IEC 61000-4-2: method and test levels
IEC 61000-3-2 and 3-3: harmonic classes and flicker limits
IEC 61000-4-8 magnetic field immunity: 1 to 100 A/m
New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
Surge and burst tests: IEC 61000-4-5 and 61000-4-4
UN R10 (ECE R10): automotive EMC and the E-mark
Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
EN IEC 61000-6-2: EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
EN IEC 61000-6-3: Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
EN IEC 61000-6-4: ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
EN IEC 62368-1: Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
IEC 62368-1: safety of AV, IT and communications gear
Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU: a guide
EN IEC 62680-1-2: MFi (Made for iPhone), Apple accessory certification
USB-IF: USB-C, USB4 and USB Power Delivery certification
EN IEC 62680-1-3: MFi (Made for iPhone), Apple accessory certification
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
USB-IF: USB-C, USB4 and USB Power Delivery certification
EN IEC 63000: Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
RoHS 2011/65/EU: 10 substances, exemptions, 2026 dates
IEC: Africa: Egypt (NTRA), Nigeria (NCC), Kenya (CA)
ATEX and IECEx: equipment for explosive atmospheres
CB Scheme (IECEE): global safety via one report
CCC (3C) mark: product certification for mainland China
CMMC and UK Cyber Essentials: defense cyber baselines
Common Criteria (ISO/IEC 15408): EAL, CCRA, EUCC
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
Conducted emissions: LISN method, CISPR and FCC limits
Conflict minerals: Dodd-Frank, EU 2017/821, CMRT and EMRT
Conformity assessment bodies and accreditation
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
CPR and EN 50575: cable Euroclasses, AVCP, CPR 2.0
CSPN and ANSSI Visa: French security certification
CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
Digital Product Passport (DPP): ESPR rules and registry
DLNA and OCF certification: status in 2026
DO-326A / ED-202B and CS 25.1319: avionics cybersecurity
EAC mark: conformity for the Eurasian Economic Union
EMC chamber types: SAC, FAR, OATS, GTEM, reverberation
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
EN 50332 and 62368-1: headphone sound limits explained
EN 50716, EN 50128, EN 50657: railway software
EN 60335: Household Appliance Safety, Parts 1 and 2-xx
EN 60598 Luminaire Safety: Part 1, Parts 2-xx, IP, IK
EN 62471 and EN 60825: photobiological and laser safety
EN 71 and CE marking: EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC
Energy Star: the US voluntary energy-efficiency program
ESD per IEC 61000-4-2: method and test levels
ESPR (EU) 2024/1781: Sustainable Products Regulation
ETSI EN 303 645: cybersecurity for consumer IoT
EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542: dates, passport, carbon
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
FIPS 140-3: cryptographic module validation
GCC: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the G-Mark (GSO)
GCF certification: criteria, members, labs, field trials
HAC: Hearing Aid Compatibility (FCC 20.19, C63.19)
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
HEMP and IEMI: IEC 61000-4-25 and hardened electronics
IATF 16949: automotive quality management
ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA
IEC 60068: environmental and mechanical testing
IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 60945 maritime testing: categories, EMC, wheel mark
IEC 61000-3-2 and 3-3: harmonic classes and flicker limits
IEC 61000-4-3: radiated RF field immunity
IEC 61000-4-6: conducted RF immunity test method
IEC 61000-4-8 magnetic field immunity: 1 to 100 A/m
IEC 61010: safety of laboratory and measurement equipment
IEC 61508: generic functional safety and SIL levels
IEC 62133 and UN 38.3: Li-ion battery safety and transport
IEC 62368-1: safety of AV, IT and communications gear
IEC 62443 (ISA-99), industrial control cybersecurity
India: BIS (CRS), TEC (MTCTE) and WPC (ETA) certifications
IP and IK ratings: ingress protection explained
ISED Canada radio certification: RSS-Gen 6, REL, labels
ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?
ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
ISO 13849 and IEC 62061: machinery safety
ISO 26262: automotive functional safety, 12 parts
ISO/SAE 21434, UN R155 and R156: automotive cyber
KC mark: South Korea radio, EMC and safety approval
KNX, DALI-2 and EnOcean certification
LATAM: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru homologation
Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU: a guide
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
Malaysia SIRIM, ST and MCMC: product and radio approval
MDR class IIb and III: routes, CECP, PSUR, EUDAMED
Measurement uncertainty: GUM, CISPR 16-4-2, decision rules
MID 2014/32/EU: Measuring Instruments (MI-001 to 010)
MIL-STD-461H and MIL-STD-464D: defense EMC explained
New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
NFC Forum certification: CR15, device classes, fees
NIST IR 8425 and the US Cyber Trust Mark in 2026
NIST SP 800-213 and IR 8259A: US IoT security baseline
NOM and IFT/CRT homologation: certification in Mexico
NRTL / UL listing: when a US safety mark is required
PCB design for EMC: return paths, decoupling, stackup
Pre-compliance EMC: TEM cell, near-field probes, LISN
PSA Certified: levels, SESIP profiles and the CRA
PTCRB vs GCF: which cellular certification do you need?
PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
Qi and Qi2 certification: WPC, FCC and RED rules
QMS: ISO 9001, AS 9100, ISO 13485, TL 9000 compared
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
RoHS 2011/65/EU: 10 substances, exemptions, 2026 dates
SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
SESIP and EN 17927: IoT platform security evaluation
Singapore IMDA: ESER, SER, GER registration and TS rules
Surge and burst tests: IEC 61000-4-5 and 61000-4-4
TCG TPM 2.0 Library Specification and compliance guide
TDRA (UAE) and SDPPI (Indonesia): radio approval
Thailand NBTC: SDoC, Class A and Class B approval
UN R10 (ECE R10): automotive EMC and the E-mark
USB-IF: USB-C, USB4 and USB Power Delivery certification
Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
What certifications does an EV charger need?
Wi-SUN certification: FAN, HAN, JUTA, fees and labs
IEC 31010: DO-178C and DO-254: avionics software and hardware
DO-326A / ED-202B and CS 25.1319: avionics cybersecurity
EMVCo and PCI PTS: payment device certification
EU product recall procedure: Safety Gate (RAPEX) response
FDA 510(k), De Novo and PMA: US medical devices
IATF 16949: automotive quality management
IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 61508: generic functional safety and SIL levels
ISO 13849 and IEC 62061: machinery safety
IVDR 2017/746: classes A to D and the 2027-2029 deadlines
Lithium battery shipping in 2026: IATA, IMDG, ADR, DOT
MDR class IIb and III: routes, CECP, PSUR, EUDAMED
QMS: ISO 9001, AS 9100, ISO 13485, TL 9000 compared
Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
IEC 60065: CB Scheme (IECEE): global safety via one report
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
EAC mark: conformity for the Eurasian Economic Union
IEC 62368-1: safety of AV, IT and communications gear
Malaysia SIRIM, ST and MCMC: product and radio approval
NOM and IFT/CRT homologation: certification in Mexico
IEC 60068: Conformity assessment bodies and accreditation
IEC 60068: environmental and mechanical testing
IEC 62368-1: safety of AV, IT and communications gear
IP and IK ratings: ingress protection explained
IEC 60068-1: IEC 60068: environmental and mechanical testing
IP and IK ratings: ingress protection explained
IEC 60068-2-1: IEC 60068: environmental and mechanical testing
IEC 60068-2-11: IEC 60068: environmental and mechanical testing
IEC 60068-2-14: IEC 60068: environmental and mechanical testing
IEC 60068-2-2: IEC 60068: environmental and mechanical testing
IEC 60068-2-27: IEC 60068: environmental and mechanical testing
IEC 60068-2-29: IEC 60068: environmental and mechanical testing
IEC 60068-2-30: IEC 60068: environmental and mechanical testing
IEC 60068-2-31: IEC 60068: environmental and mechanical testing
IEC 60068-2-52: IEC 60068: environmental and mechanical testing
PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
IEC 60068-2-6: IEC 60068: environmental and mechanical testing
IEC 60068-2-64: IEC 60068: environmental and mechanical testing
IEC 60068-2-78: IEC 60068: environmental and mechanical testing
IEC 60335: Africa: Egypt (NTRA), Nigeria (NCC), Kenya (CA)
CB Scheme (IECEE): global safety via one report
IEC 61010: safety of laboratory and measurement equipment
IEC 60335-1: Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
Conducted emissions: LISN method, CISPR and FCC limits
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
EN 60335: Household Appliance Safety, Parts 1 and 2-xx
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU: a guide
Malaysia SIRIM, ST and MCMC: product and radio approval
NRTL / UL listing: when a US safety mark is required
IEC 60384-14: Common-mode filtering: chokes, ferrites, Y-caps
Conducted emissions: LISN method, CISPR and FCC limits
EN 60335: Household Appliance Safety, Parts 1 and 2-xx
IEC 60417: User instructions, safety information & languages
IEC 60529: EN 60335: Household Appliance Safety, Parts 1 and 2-xx
IP and IK ratings: ingress protection explained
IEC 60598: EN 60335: Household Appliance Safety, Parts 1 and 2-xx
Malaysia SIRIM, ST and MCMC: product and radio approval
IEC 60598-1: EN 60598 Luminaire Safety: Part 1, Parts 2-xx, IP, IK
KNX, DALI-2 and EnOcean certification
Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU: a guide
IEC 60601-1: Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
EN 60335: Household Appliance Safety, Parts 1 and 2-xx
FDA 510(k), De Novo and PMA: US medical devices
IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 61000-4-3: radiated RF field immunity
IEC 61000-4-6: conducted RF immunity test method
IEC 61010: safety of laboratory and measurement equipment
IEC 61508: generic functional safety and SIL levels
IEC 62368-1: safety of AV, IT and communications gear
MDR class IIb and III: routes, CECP, PSUR, EUDAMED
QMS: ISO 9001, AS 9100, ISO 13485, TL 9000 compared
IEC 60601-1-10: IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 60601-1-11: Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 60601-1-12: IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 60601-1-2: Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
ESD per IEC 61000-4-2: method and test levels
IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 61000-4-3: radiated RF field immunity
IEC 61000-4-6: conducted RF immunity test method
IEC 61000-4-8 magnetic field immunity: 1 to 100 A/m
Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
IEC 60601-1-3: IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 60601-1-6: Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 60601-1-8: IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 60601-1-9: IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 60601-2-1: IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 60601-2-2: IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 60601-2-24: IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 60601-2-25: IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 60601-2-27: IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 60601-2-37: IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 60601-2-4: IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 60601-2-44: IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 60601-2-47: IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 60601-2-83: IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 60812: Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
IEC 60825-1: CB Scheme (IECEE): global safety via one report
EN 62471 and EN 60825: photobiological and laser safety
IEC 60950-1: CB Scheme (IECEE): global safety via one report
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Conducted emissions: LISN method, CISPR and FCC limits
CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
EAC mark: conformity for the Eurasian Economic Union
IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 62368-1: safety of AV, IT and communications gear
India: BIS (CRS), TEC (MTCTE) and WPC (ETA) certifications
Malaysia SIRIM, ST and MCMC: product and radio approval
NOM and IFT/CRT homologation: certification in Mexico
Thailand NBTC: SDoC, Class A and Class B approval
IEC 61000-2-9: HEMP and IEMI: IEC 61000-4-25 and hardened electronics
IEC 61000-4: ANATEL Brazil: certification and Homologation Number
EMC chamber types: SAC, FAR, OATS, GTEM, reverberation
IEC 61000-4-6: conducted RF immunity test method
Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
IEC 61000-4-11: ANATEL Brazil: certification and Homologation Number
Certification test plan: template and checklist
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
ESD per IEC 61000-4-2: method and test levels
IEC 61000-3-2 and 3-3: harmonic classes and flicker limits
IEC 61000-4-3: radiated RF field immunity
IEC 61000-4-6: conducted RF immunity test method
IEC 61000-4-8 magnetic field immunity: 1 to 100 A/m
Surge and burst tests: IEC 61000-4-5 and 61000-4-4
Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
IEC 61000-4-14: Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
IEC 61000-4-2: AEC-Q100, Q101, Q200: grades, tests and sample sizes
ANATEL Brazil: certification and Homologation Number
Certification test plan: template and checklist
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
ESD per IEC 61000-4-2: method and test levels
IEC 61000-4-3: radiated RF field immunity
IEC 61000-4-6: conducted RF immunity test method
IEC 61000-4-8 magnetic field immunity: 1 to 100 A/m
MIL-STD-461H and MIL-STD-464D: defense EMC explained
PCB design for EMC: return paths, decoupling, stackup
SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
Surge and burst tests: IEC 61000-4-5 and 61000-4-4
Transient protection: TVS, MOV, GDT and layout
Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
What is EMC? Emissions, immunity and coupling
IEC 61000-4-20: EMC chamber types: SAC, FAR, OATS, GTEM, reverberation
IEC 61000-4-3: radiated RF field immunity
Pre-compliance EMC: TEM cell, near-field probes, LISN
IEC 61000-4-21: EMC chamber types: SAC, FAR, OATS, GTEM, reverberation
IEC 61000-4-3: radiated RF field immunity
Pre-compliance EMC: TEM cell, near-field probes, LISN
IEC 61000-4-25: HEMP and IEMI: IEC 61000-4-25 and hardened electronics
IEC 61000-3-2 and 3-3: harmonic classes and flicker limits
MIL-STD-461H and MIL-STD-464D: defense EMC explained
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
Surge and burst tests: IEC 61000-4-5 and 61000-4-4
Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
IEC 61000-4-29: Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
IEC 61000-4-3: ANATEL Brazil: certification and Homologation Number
Certification test plan: template and checklist
EMC chamber types: SAC, FAR, OATS, GTEM, reverberation
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
ESD per IEC 61000-4-2: method and test levels
HEMP and IEMI: IEC 61000-4-25 and hardened electronics
IEC 61000-3-2 and 3-3: harmonic classes and flicker limits
IEC 61000-4-3: radiated RF field immunity
IEC 61000-4-6: conducted RF immunity test method
KNX, DALI-2 and EnOcean certification
Measurement uncertainty: GUM, CISPR 16-4-2, decision rules
MIL-STD-461H and MIL-STD-464D: defense EMC explained
PCB design for EMC: return paths, decoupling, stackup
Pre-compliance EMC: TEM cell, near-field probes, LISN
Qi and Qi2 certification: WPC, FCC and RED rules
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
IEC 61000-4-34: Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
IEC 61000-4-39: IEC 61000-4-3: radiated RF field immunity
IEC 61000-4-8 magnetic field immunity: 1 to 100 A/m
Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
IEC 61000-4-4: ANATEL Brazil: certification and Homologation Number
Certification test plan: template and checklist
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
ESD per IEC 61000-4-2: method and test levels
IEC 61000-4-6: conducted RF immunity test method
Surge and burst tests: IEC 61000-4-5 and 61000-4-4
Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
IEC 61000-4-5: ANATEL Brazil: certification and Homologation Number
Certification test plan: template and checklist
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
ESD per IEC 61000-4-2: method and test levels
HEMP and IEMI: IEC 61000-4-25 and hardened electronics
IEC 61000-4-3: radiated RF field immunity
IEC 61000-4-6: conducted RF immunity test method
IEC 61000-4-8 magnetic field immunity: 1 to 100 A/m
PCB design for EMC: return paths, decoupling, stackup
Surge and burst tests: IEC 61000-4-5 and 61000-4-4
Transient protection: TVS, MOV, GDT and layout
Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
IEC 61000-4-6: ANATEL Brazil: certification and Homologation Number
Certification test plan: template and checklist
EMC coupling: capacitive, inductive, radiated
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
ESD per IEC 61000-4-2: method and test levels
HEMP and IEMI: IEC 61000-4-25 and hardened electronics
IEC 61000-4-3: radiated RF field immunity
IEC 61000-4-6: conducted RF immunity test method
PCB design for EMC: return paths, decoupling, stackup
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
Surge and burst tests: IEC 61000-4-5 and 61000-4-4
Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
IEC 61000-4-8: HEMP and IEMI: IEC 61000-4-25 and hardened electronics
IEC 61000-4-3: radiated RF field immunity
IEC 61000-4-6: conducted RF immunity test method
IEC 61000-4-8 magnetic field immunity: 1 to 100 A/m
PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
IEC 61000-5-5: HEMP and IEMI: IEC 61000-4-25 and hardened electronics
IEC 61010-1: CB Scheme (IECEE): global safety via one report
IEC 61010: safety of laboratory and measurement equipment
NRTL / UL listing: when a US safety mark is required
IEC 61025: Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
IEC 61215: ASTM F963 and CPSIA: CPSC toy safety rules (16 CFR 1250)
Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
EN 60598 Luminaire Safety: Part 1, Parts 2-xx, IP, IK
EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542: dates, passport, carbon
IEC 62133 and UN 38.3: Li-ion battery safety and transport
ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
IEC 61215-1: PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
IEC 61215-1-1: PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
IEC 61215-1-2: PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
IEC 61215-1-3: PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
IEC 61215-1-4: PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
IEC 61215-2: PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
IEC 61373: IEC 60068: environmental and mechanical testing
IEC 61496: ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
IEC 61508: DO-178C and DO-254: avionics software and hardware
EN 50716, EN 50128, EN 50657: railway software
EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
IEC 61508: generic functional safety and SIL levels
ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
ISO 13849 and IEC 62061: machinery safety
ISO 26262: automotive functional safety, 12 parts
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
What certifications does an EV charger need?
IEC 61511: IEC 61508: generic functional safety and SIL levels
ISO 26262: automotive functional safety, 12 parts
Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
IEC 61701: PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
IEC 61730: ASTM F963 and CPSIA: CPSC toy safety rules (16 CFR 1250)
Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
EN 60598 Luminaire Safety: Part 1, Parts 2-xx, IP, IK
EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542: dates, passport, carbon
IEC 62133 and UN 38.3: Li-ion battery safety and transport
ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
IEC 61730-1: PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
IEC 61730-2: PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
IEC 61851-1: EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
What certifications does an EV charger need?
IEC 61851-21-2: EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
IEC 61851-23: EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
What certifications does an EV charger need?
IEC 61853: PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
IEC 61882: Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
IEC 62061: IEC 61508: generic functional safety and SIL levels
IEC 62443 (ISA-99), industrial control cybersecurity
ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
ISO 13849 and IEC 62061: machinery safety
ISO 26262: automotive functional safety, 12 parts
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
IEC 62109-1: PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
IEC 62109-2: PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
IEC 62133: ASTM F963 and CPSIA: CPSC toy safety rules (16 CFR 1250)
Conflict minerals: Dodd-Frank, EU 2017/821, CMRT and EMRT
Energy Star: the US voluntary energy-efficiency program
ErP / Ecodesign 2009/125/EC: product energy efficiency
EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542: dates, passport, carbon
EU Ecolabel, PEF and LCA for electronic products
IEC 62133 and UN 38.3: Li-ion battery safety and transport
IEC 62368-1: safety of AV, IT and communications gear
Lithium battery shipping in 2026: IATA, IMDG, ADR, DOT
MIL-STD-1275F: 28 VDC military vehicle power
Qi and Qi2 certification: WPC, FCC and RED rules
IEC 62133-2: CB Scheme (IECEE): global safety via one report
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
IEC 62133 and UN 38.3: Li-ion battery safety and transport
IEC 62368-1: safety of AV, IT and communications gear
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
IEC 62196-2: EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
IEC 62196-3: EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
IEC 62209: Antenna design and impedance matching for IoT
EN 50332 and 62368-1: headphone sound limits explained
HAC: Hearing Aid Compatibility (FCC 20.19, C63.19)
HEMP and IEMI: IEC 61000-4-25 and hardened electronics
IEC 61000-3-2 and 3-3: harmonic classes and flicker limits
ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?
LATAM: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru homologation
Malaysia SIRIM, ST and MCMC: product and radio approval
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
IEC 62209-1: Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
EMC chamber types: SAC, FAR, OATS, GTEM, reverberation
Malaysia SIRIM, ST and MCMC: product and radio approval
SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
IEC 62209-2: Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
EMC chamber types: SAC, FAR, OATS, GTEM, reverberation
SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
IEC 62209-3: SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
IEC 62262: EN 60598 Luminaire Safety: Part 1, Parts 2-xx, IP, IK
IP and IK ratings: ingress protection explained
IEC 62301: Energy Star: the US voluntary energy-efficiency program
NOM and IFT/CRT homologation: certification in Mexico
IEC 62304: Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
DO-178C and DO-254: avionics software and hardware
FCC permissive changes: Class I, II, III and RED delta
IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 61508: generic functional safety and SIL levels
MDR class IIb and III: routes, CECP, PSUR, EUDAMED
QMS: ISO 9001, AS 9100, ISO 13485, TL 9000 compared
IEC 62366-1: Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
MDR class IIb and III: routes, CECP, PSUR, EUDAMED
IEC 62368-1: Africa: Egypt (NTRA), Nigeria (NCC), Kenya (CA)
ATEX and IECEx: equipment for explosive atmospheres
CB Scheme (IECEE): global safety via one report
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
Conducted emissions: LISN method, CISPR and FCC limits
CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
EAC mark: conformity for the Eurasian Economic Union
EN 50332 and 62368-1: headphone sound limits explained
EN 60335: Household Appliance Safety, Parts 1 and 2-xx
EN 62471 and EN 60825: photobiological and laser safety
EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
GCC: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the G-Mark (GSO)
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA
IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 61010: safety of laboratory and measurement equipment
IEC 62133 and UN 38.3: Li-ion battery safety and transport
IEC 62368-1: safety of AV, IT and communications gear
India: BIS (CRS), TEC (MTCTE) and WPC (ETA) certifications
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
IP and IK ratings: ingress protection explained
Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU: a guide
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
Malaysia SIRIM, ST and MCMC: product and radio approval
MID 2014/32/EU: Measuring Instruments (MI-001 to 010)
NCC Taiwan: radio approval, LP0002 and the BSMI mark
New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
NOM and IFT/CRT homologation: certification in Mexico
NRTL / UL listing: when a US safety mark is required
Qi and Qi2 certification: WPC, FCC and RED rules
Singapore IMDA: ESER, SER, GER registration and TS rules
What certifications does an EV charger need?
IEC 62386: KNX, DALI-2 and EnOcean certification
IEC 62443: CMMC and UK Cyber Essentials: defense cyber baselines
Cyber Resilience Act (CRA): EU baseline for digital
DO-326A / ED-202B and CS 25.1319: avionics cybersecurity
EN 50716, EN 50128, EN 50657: railway software
IEC 61508: generic functional safety and SIL levels
IEC 62443 (ISA-99), industrial control cybersecurity
ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
ISO/SAE 21434, UN R155 and R156: automotive cyber
NIST SP 800-213 and IR 8259A: US IoT security baseline
Product cybersecurity: obligation, evaluation, label
PSA Certified: levels, SESIP profiles and the CRA
Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
SESIP and EN 17927: IoT platform security evaluation
TCG TPM 2.0 Library Specification and compliance guide
What certifications does an EV charger need?
IEC 62443-4-2: EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
IEC 62443 (ISA-99), industrial control cybersecurity
NIST SP 800-213 and IR 8259A: US IoT security baseline
IEC 62471: EN 60598 Luminaire Safety: Part 1, Parts 2-xx, IP, IK
EN 62471 and EN 60825: photobiological and laser safety
IEC 62716: PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
IEC 62752: EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
IEC 62938: PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
IEC TR 61000-5-3: HEMP and IEMI: IEC 61000-4-25 and hardened electronics
IEC TS 60904-1-2: PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
IEC TS 62804-1: PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
IEC/IEEE 62209-1528: Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
EMC chamber types: SAC, FAR, OATS, GTEM, reverberation
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
IECEx OD 005: ATEX and IECEx: equipment for explosive atmospheres
ISO 10218: ASTM F963 and CPSIA: CPSC toy safety rules (16 CFR 1250)
Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
HAC: Hearing Aid Compatibility (FCC 20.19, C63.19)
IEC 62443 (ISA-99), industrial control cybersecurity
ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
ISO 13849 and IEC 62061: machinery safety
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
ISO 10218-1: ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
ISO 10218-2: ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
ISO 10605: ESD per IEC 61000-4-2: method and test levels
UN R10 (ECE R10): automotive EMC and the E-mark
ISO 11451: UN R10 (ECE R10): automotive EMC and the E-mark
ISO 11452: UN R10 (ECE R10): automotive EMC and the E-mark
ISO 11452-2: IEC 61000-4-3: radiated RF field immunity
UN R10 (ECE R10): automotive EMC and the E-mark
ISO 12100: EU product recall procedure: Safety Gate (RAPEX) response
ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
ISO 13849 and IEC 62061: machinery safety
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
ISO 13491: EMVCo and PCI PTS: payment device certification
ISO 13849-1: IEC 61508: generic functional safety and SIL levels
ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
ISO 13849 and IEC 62061: machinery safety
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
ISO 14971: Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
DO-178C and DO-254: avionics software and hardware
DO-326A / ED-202B and CS 25.1319: avionics cybersecurity
EMVCo and PCI PTS: payment device certification
ESD per IEC 61000-4-2: method and test levels
EU product recall procedure: Safety Gate (RAPEX) response
FDA 510(k), De Novo and PMA: US medical devices
IATF 16949: automotive quality management
IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 61508: generic functional safety and SIL levels
ISO 13849 and IEC 62061: machinery safety
IVDR 2017/746: classes A to D and the 2027-2029 deadlines
Lithium battery shipping in 2026: IATA, IMDG, ADR, DOT
MDR class IIb and III: routes, CECP, PSUR, EUDAMED
QMS: ISO 9001, AS 9100, ISO 13485, TL 9000 compared
Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
Technical documentation file: required contents
What certifications does an EV charger need?
ISO 15118-2: EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
What certifications does an EV charger need?
ISO 15118-20: EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
What certifications does an EV charger need?
ISO 15118-3: EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
ISO 16750-3: IEC 60068: environmental and mechanical testing
ISO 16750-4: IEC 60068: environmental and mechanical testing
ISO 20653: IP and IK ratings: ingress protection explained
ISO 21448: ISO 26262: automotive functional safety, 12 parts
Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
ISO 26262: AEC-Q100, Q101, Q200: grades, tests and sample sizes
Certification test plan: template and checklist
DO-178C and DO-254: avionics software and hardware
DO-326A / ED-202B and CS 25.1319: avionics cybersecurity
EN 50716, EN 50128, EN 50657: railway software
EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
IATF 16949: automotive quality management
IEC 60068: environmental and mechanical testing
IEC 61508: generic functional safety and SIL levels
ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
ISO 13849 and IEC 62061: machinery safety
ISO 26262: automotive functional safety, 12 parts
ISO/SAE 21434, UN R155 and R156: automotive cyber
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
MIL-STD-1275F: 28 VDC military vehicle power
MIL-STD-461H and MIL-STD-464D: defense EMC explained
Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
UN R10 (ECE R10): automotive EMC and the E-mark
ISO 3691-4: ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
ISO 3864-2: User instructions, safety information & languages
ISO 7010: User instructions, safety information & languages
ISO 7637: UN R10 (ECE R10): automotive EMC and the E-mark
ISO 7637-2: MIL-STD-1275F: 28 VDC military vehicle power
Surge and burst tests: IEC 61000-4-5 and 61000-4-4
UN R10 (ECE R10): automotive EMC and the E-mark
ISO 80601-2-12: IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
ISO 80601-2-13: IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
ISO/IEC 14443: EMVCo and PCI PTS: payment device certification
NFC Forum certification: CR15, device classes, fees
ISO/IEC 14543-3: KNX, DALI-2 and EnOcean certification
ISO/IEC 15408: CMMC and UK Cyber Essentials: defense cyber baselines
Common Criteria (ISO/IEC 15408): EAL, CCRA, EUCC
CSPN and ANSSI Visa: French security certification
DO-326A / ED-202B and CS 25.1319: avionics cybersecurity
EMVCo and PCI PTS: payment device certification
ETSI EN 303 645: cybersecurity for consumer IoT
FIPS 140-3: cryptographic module validation
IEC 62443 (ISA-99), industrial control cybersecurity
NIST IR 8425 and the US Cyber Trust Mark in 2026
NIST SP 800-213 and IR 8259A: US IoT security baseline
Product cybersecurity: obligation, evaluation, label
PSA Certified: levels, SESIP profiles and the CRA
SESIP and EN 17927: IoT platform security evaluation
TCG TPM 2.0 Library Specification and compliance guide
ISO/IEC 15408-1:2026: Common Criteria (ISO/IEC 15408): EAL, CCRA, EUCC
ISO/IEC 15408:2022: Common Criteria (ISO/IEC 15408): EAL, CCRA, EUCC
ISO/IEC 15693: NFC Forum certification: CR15, device classes, fees
ISO/IEC 17000: Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
Conformity assessment bodies and accreditation
ISO/IEC 17011: Conformity assessment bodies and accreditation
Energy Star: the US voluntary energy-efficiency program
NIST IR 8425 and the US Cyber Trust Mark in 2026
ISO/IEC 17020: Conformity assessment bodies and accreditation
IEC 62443 (ISA-99), industrial control cybersecurity
ISO/IEC 17021-1: Conformity assessment bodies and accreditation
NB surveillance audits: cadence and conduct
QMS: ISO 9001, AS 9100, ISO 13485, TL 9000 compared
ISO/IEC 17024: Conformity assessment bodies and accreditation
ISO/IEC 17025: Africa: Egypt (NTRA), Nigeria (NCC), Kenya (CA)
ASTM F963 and CPSIA: CPSC toy safety rules (16 CFR 1250)
CB Scheme (IECEE): global safety via one report
CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
Certification test plan: template and checklist
Certification timeline: the durations set by the texts
Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
Common Criteria (ISO/IEC 15408): EAL, CCRA, EUCC
Conducted emissions: LISN method, CISPR and FCC limits
Conformity assessment bodies and accreditation
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
CSPN and ANSSI Visa: French security certification
EMC chamber types: SAC, FAR, OATS, GTEM, reverberation
EN 60335: Household Appliance Safety, Parts 1 and 2-xx
EN 62471 and EN 60825: photobiological and laser safety
Energy Star: the US voluntary energy-efficiency program
ESD per IEC 61000-4-2: method and test levels
ETSI EN 303 645: cybersecurity for consumer IoT
FCC ID, Grantee Code & TCB: equipment authorization
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA
IEC 60068: environmental and mechanical testing
IEC 60601-1: edition 3.2, MDR citation, FDA recognition
IEC 61010: safety of laboratory and measurement equipment
IEC 62133 and UN 38.3: Li-ion battery safety and transport
IEC 62368-1: safety of AV, IT and communications gear
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
IP and IK ratings: ingress protection explained
LoRaWAN certification: fees, test labs, TS001 and RP002
Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU: a guide
Measurement uncertainty: GUM, CISPR 16-4-2, decision rules
NCC Taiwan: radio approval, LP0002 and the BSMI mark
NFC Forum certification: CR15, device classes, fees
NIST IR 8425 and the US Cyber Trust Mark in 2026
NIST SP 800-213 and IR 8259A: US IoT security baseline
NRTL / UL listing: when a US safety mark is required
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
RoHS 2011/65/EU: 10 substances, exemptions, 2026 dates
SESIP and EN 17927: IoT platform security evaluation
Singapore IMDA: ESER, SER, GER registration and TS rules
Surge and burst tests: IEC 61000-4-5 and 61000-4-4
TDRA (UAE) and SDPPI (Indonesia): radio approval
Technical documentation file: required contents
Thailand NBTC: SDoC, Class A and Class B approval
Vietnam MIC/MOST: radio, telecom and ICT certification
ISO/IEC 17065: Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
Common Criteria (ISO/IEC 15408): EAL, CCRA, EUCC
Conformity assessment bodies and accreditation
Energy Star: the US voluntary energy-efficiency program
FCC ID, Grantee Code & TCB: equipment authorization
ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA
IEC 62443 (ISA-99), industrial control cybersecurity
ISED Canada radio certification: RSS-Gen 6, REL, labels
LATAM: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru homologation
Malaysia SIRIM, ST and MCMC: product and radio approval
NIST IR 8425 and the US Cyber Trust Mark in 2026
NIST SP 800-213 and IR 8259A: US IoT security baseline
SESIP and EN 17927: IoT platform security evaluation
TDRA (UAE) and SDPPI (Indonesia): radio approval
ISO/IEC 18045:2026: Common Criteria (ISO/IEC 15408): EAL, CCRA, EUCC
ISO/IEC 18092: NFC Forum certification: CR15, device classes, fees
ISO/IEC 27001: CMMC and UK Cyber Essentials: defense cyber baselines
IEC 62443 (ISA-99), industrial control cybersecurity
QMS: ISO 9001, AS 9100, ISO 13485, TL 9000 compared
ISO/IEC 7816: EMVCo and PCI PTS: payment device certification
ISO/SAE 21434: AEC-Q100, Q101, Q200: grades, tests and sample sizes
Cyber Resilience Act (CRA): EU baseline for digital
DO-326A / ED-202B and CS 25.1319: avionics cybersecurity
IATF 16949: automotive quality management
ISO 26262: automotive functional safety, 12 parts
ISO/SAE 21434, UN R155 and R156: automotive cyber
Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
ISO/TR 24971: Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
ISO/TS 15066: ASTM F963 and CPSIA: CPSC toy safety rules (16 CFR 1250)
Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
HAC: Hearing Aid Compatibility (FCC 20.19, C63.19)
IEC 62443 (ISA-99), industrial control cybersecurity
ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230

CISPR publications 16

CISPR 11: Conducted emissions: LISN method, CISPR and FCC limits
CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
CISPR 12: UN R10 (ECE R10): automotive EMC and the E-mark
CISPR 16-1-1: Conducted emissions: LISN method, CISPR and FCC limits
PCB design for EMC: return paths, decoupling, stackup
Pre-compliance EMC: TEM cell, near-field probes, LISN
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
Time and frequency domain: why edges set emissions
CISPR 16-1-2: Conducted emissions: LISN method, CISPR and FCC limits
PCB design for EMC: return paths, decoupling, stackup
Pre-compliance EMC: TEM cell, near-field probes, LISN
CISPR 16-1-4: EMC chamber types: SAC, FAR, OATS, GTEM, reverberation
Pre-compliance EMC: TEM cell, near-field probes, LISN
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
CISPR 16-4-2: Decibels for EMC: dB(uV), dBm and antenna factor
EMC chamber types: SAC, FAR, OATS, GTEM, reverberation
Measurement uncertainty: GUM, CISPR 16-4-2, decision rules
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
CISPR 17: Common-mode filtering: chokes, ferrites, Y-caps
CISPR 22: Africa: Egypt (NTRA), Nigeria (NCC), Kenya (CA)
ANATEL Brazil: certification and Homologation Number
CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
Conducted emissions: LISN method, CISPR and FCC limits
ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA
Pre-compliance EMC: TEM cell, near-field probes, LISN
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
CISPR 24: Africa: Egypt (NTRA), Nigeria (NCC), Kenya (CA)
ANATEL Brazil: certification and Homologation Number
CISPR 25: UN R10 (ECE R10): automotive EMC and the E-mark
CISPR 32: ANATEL Brazil: certification and Homologation Number
CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
Conducted emissions: LISN method, CISPR and FCC limits
EAC mark: conformity for the Eurasian Economic Union
EMC chamber types: SAC, FAR, OATS, GTEM, reverberation
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
NCC Taiwan: radio approval, LP0002 and the BSMI mark
New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
PCB design for EMC: return paths, decoupling, stackup
Pre-compliance EMC: TEM cell, near-field probes, LISN
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
Singapore IMDA: ESER, SER, GER registration and TS rules
TDRA (UAE) and SDPPI (Indonesia): radio approval
CISPR 35: ANATEL Brazil: certification and Homologation Number
EAC mark: conformity for the Eurasian Economic Union
ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA
New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
Surge and burst tests: IEC 61000-4-5 and 61000-4-4
EN 55011: Conducted emissions: LISN method, CISPR and FCC limits
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
EN 55014-1: EN 60335: Household Appliance Safety, Parts 1 and 2-xx
EN 71 and CE marking: EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
EN 55014-2: EN 60335: Household Appliance Safety, Parts 1 and 2-xx
EN 71 and CE marking: EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC
EN 55015: KNX, DALI-2 and EnOcean certification
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109

FCC (47 CFR) 10

47 CFR: Bluetooth SIG qualification: process, fees and DN
CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
Certification costs: the official fee schedules
Certification test plan: template and checklist
Certification timeline: the durations set by the texts
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
Conducted emissions: LISN method, CISPR and FCC limits
Conformity assessment bodies and accreditation
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
DECT Forum certification: classic DECT, ULE, CAT-iq, NR+
E-label vs physical label: rules by jurisdiction
EMC chamber types: SAC, FAR, OATS, GTEM, reverberation
FCC ID, Grantee Code & TCB: equipment authorization
FCC permissive changes: Class I, II, III and RED delta
Getting started with certification: where to begin
HAC: Hearing Aid Compatibility (FCC 20.19, C63.19)
IEC 62368-1: safety of AV, IT and communications gear
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
ISED Canada radio certification: RSS-Gen 6, REL, labels
ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?
KC mark: South Korea radio, EMC and safety approval
LoRaWAN certification: fees, test labs, TS001 and RP002
MFi (Made for iPhone), Apple accessory certification
Multi-marking layouts: CE, FCC, UKCA, ANATEL and other marks
NCC Taiwan: radio approval, LP0002 and the BSMI mark
NFC Forum certification: CR15, device classes, fees
Niche wireless: ANT+, KNX RF, DECT ULE, 6LoWPAN
NIST IR 8425 and the US Cyber Trust Mark in 2026
NRTL / UL listing: when a US safety mark is required
Pre-compliance EMC: TEM cell, near-field probes, LISN
Qi and Qi2 certification: WPC, FCC and RED rules
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
Radio spectrum: SRD and license-free bands
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
SRRC vs FCC: China and US radio approval
Substantial modification: when to re-certify in the EU
TELEC / GITEKI: radio certification in Japan
Thread Group certification: tiers, fees, Thread 1.4
UWB and FiRa Consortium certification
Vietnam MIC/MOST: radio, telecom and ICT certification
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
What is EMC? Emissions, immunity and coupling
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Wi-Fi Alliance certification: paths, fees, Wi-Fi 7
Wi-SUN certification: FAN, HAN, JUTA, fees and labs
Wireless certification: the law vs the logo
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
47 CFR §2.1093: HAC: Hearing Aid Compatibility (FCC 20.19, C63.19)
SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
47 CFR Part 15 Subpart B: Singapore IMDA: ESER, SER, GER registration and TS rules
47 CFR Part 15 Subpart C: ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?
47 CFR Part 2 Subpart J: FCC ID, Grantee Code & TCB: equipment authorization
FCC: ACMA and RCM: Australia and New Zealand compliance
Africa: Egypt (NTRA), Nigeria (NCC), Kenya (CA)
Amazon Alexa and Google Cast device certification
ANATEL Brazil: certification and Homologation Number
Antenna design and impedance matching for IoT
ASTM F963 and CPSIA: CPSC toy safety rules (16 CFR 1250)
AT&T Network Ready: cellular IoT certification after INC
Bluetooth SIG qualification: process, fees and DN
CB Scheme (IECEE): global safety via one report
CE marking: dimensions, proportions and visual rules
CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
Certification costs: the official fee schedules
Certification timeline: the durations set by the texts
Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
China Mobile, Telecom, Unicom: cellular IoT acceptance
Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
Conducted emissions: LISN method, CISPR and FCC limits
Conformity assessment bodies and accreditation
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
CPR and EN 50575: cable Euroclasses, AVCP, CPR 2.0
CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
Decibels for EMC: dB(uV), dBm and antenna factor
DECT Forum certification: classic DECT, ULE, CAT-iq, NR+
Deutsche Telekom IoT: module certification and nuSIM
DLNA and OCF certification: status in 2026
Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
E-label vs physical label: rules by jurisdiction
EAC mark: conformity for the Eurasian Economic Union
EMC chamber types: SAC, FAR, OATS, GTEM, reverberation
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
EN 50332 and 62368-1: headphone sound limits explained
EN 60335: Household Appliance Safety, Parts 1 and 2-xx
Energy Star: the US voluntary energy-efficiency program
ESD per IEC 61000-4-2: method and test levels
EU Authorised Representative, Importer and Article 4
FCC ID, Grantee Code & TCB: equipment authorization
FCC permissive changes: Class I, II, III and RED delta
FDA 510(k), De Novo and PMA: US medical devices
GCC: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the G-Mark (GSO)
GCF certification: criteria, members, labs, field trials
Getting started with certification: where to begin
HAC: Hearing Aid Compatibility (FCC 20.19, C63.19)
HDMI Forum and HDMI LA: adopter licence, testing, cables
ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA
IEC 60068: environmental and mechanical testing
IEC 60945 maritime testing: categories, EMC, wheel mark
IEC 61010: safety of laboratory and measurement equipment
IEC 62368-1: safety of AV, IT and communications gear
India: BIS (CRS), TEC (MTCTE) and WPC (ETA) certifications
ISED Canada radio certification: RSS-Gen 6, REL, labels
ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?
ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
Japan operator certification: DoCoMo, KDDI, SoftBank bands
KC mark: South Korea radio, EMC and safety approval
LATAM: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru homologation
LoRaWAN certification: fees, test labs, TS001 and RP002
Malaysia SIRIM, ST and MCMC: product and radio approval
Matter certification (CSA): process, DAC and DCL
MFi (Made for iPhone), Apple accessory certification
Multi-marking layouts: CE, FCC, UKCA, ANATEL and other marks
NB surveillance audits: cadence and conduct
NCC Taiwan: radio approval, LP0002 and the BSMI mark
New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
NFC Forum certification: CR15, device classes, fees
Niche wireless: ANT+, KNX RF, DECT ULE, 6LoWPAN
NIST IR 8425 and the US Cyber Trust Mark in 2026
NIST SP 800-213 and IR 8259A: US IoT security baseline
NOM and IFT/CRT homologation: certification in Mexico
NRTL / UL listing: when a US safety mark is required
Philippines NTC: type acceptance, SRD and Wi-Fi rules
Pre-compliance EMC: TEM cell, near-field probes, LISN
PTCRB vs GCF: which cellular certification do you need?
PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
Qi and Qi2 certification: WPC, FCC and RED rules
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
Radio spectrum: SRD and license-free bands
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
Radio type approval worldwide: how it works
RoHS 2011/65/EU: 10 substances, exemptions, 2026 dates
SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
Singapore IMDA: ESER, SER, GER registration and TS rules
SRRC and CMIIT ID: China radio type approval in 2026
SRRC vs FCC: China and US radio approval
Substantial modification: when to re-certify in the EU
T-Mobile US: cellular IoT device certification and DICE
TDRA (UAE) and SDPPI (Indonesia): radio approval
Technical documentation file: required contents
TELEC / GITEKI: radio certification in Japan
Thailand NBTC: SDoC, Class A and Class B approval
Thread Group certification: tiers, fees, Thread 1.4
UN R10 (ECE R10): automotive EMC and the E-mark
USB-IF: USB-C, USB4 and USB Power Delivery certification
UWB and FiRa Consortium certification
Verizon Open Development: certification after PTCRB/GCF
Vietnam MIC/MOST: radio, telecom and ICT certification
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
What certifications does an EV charger need?
What is EMC? Emissions, immunity and coupling
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Wi-Fi Alliance certification: paths, fees, Wi-Fi 7
Wi-SUN certification: FAN, HAN, JUTA, fees and labs
Wireless certification: the law vs the logo
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
Zigbee CSA certification: 3.0, 4.0, Suzi and retest rules
FCC Part 15: ANATEL Brazil: certification and Homologation Number
Antenna design and impedance matching for IoT
Bluetooth SIG qualification: process, fees and DN
CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
Conducted emissions: LISN method, CISPR and FCC limits
DECT Forum certification: classic DECT, ULE, CAT-iq, NR+
Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
EMC chamber types: SAC, FAR, OATS, GTEM, reverberation
Getting started with certification: where to begin
HDMI Forum and HDMI LA: adopter licence, testing, cables
LoRaWAN certification: fees, test labs, TS001 and RP002
Malaysia SIRIM, ST and MCMC: product and radio approval
Matter certification (CSA): process, DAC and DCL
Pre-compliance EMC: TEM cell, near-field probes, LISN
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
Singapore IMDA: ESER, SER, GER registration and TS rules
SRRC vs FCC: China and US radio approval
Thread Group certification: tiers, fees, Thread 1.4
USB-IF: USB-C, USB4 and USB Power Delivery certification
UWB and FiRa Consortium certification
What is EMC? Emissions, immunity and coupling
Zigbee CSA certification: 3.0, 4.0, Suzi and retest rules
FCC Part 15.225: NFC Forum certification: CR15, device classes, fees
FCC Part 15.247: Bluetooth SIG qualification: process, fees and DN
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Niche wireless: ANT+, KNX RF, DECT ULE, 6LoWPAN
Radio spectrum: SRD and license-free bands
FCC Part 15.407: Radio spectrum: SRD and license-free bands

IEEE standards 5

IEEE 1528: EMC chamber types: SAC, FAR, OATS, GTEM, reverberation
SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
IEEE 2030.1.1: EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
IEEE 802.15.4: DECT Forum certification: classic DECT, ULE, CAT-iq, NR+
Matter certification (CSA): process, DAC and DCL
Niche wireless: ANT+, KNX RF, DECT ULE, 6LoWPAN
Thread Group certification: tiers, fees, Thread 1.4
Wi-SUN certification: FAN, HAN, JUTA, fees and labs
Zigbee CSA certification: 3.0, 4.0, Suzi and retest rules
IEEE 802.15.4z: UWB and FiRa Consortium certification
IEEE C95.1: ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?

UL standards 8

CSA C22.2 No. 62368-1: NRTL / UL listing: when a US safety mark is required
UL 2202: EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
What certifications does an EV charger need?
UL 2231-1: EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
UL 2231-2: EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
UL 2594: EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
What certifications does an EV charger need?
UL 2750: EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
UL 61010-1: IEC 61010: safety of laboratory and measurement equipment
NRTL / UL listing: when a US safety mark is required
UL 62368-1: IEC 62368-1: safety of AV, IT and communications gear
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
NRTL / UL listing: when a US safety mark is required

GSMA specifications 3

GSMA SGP.02: Orange Connected Validation: IoT device labels
Telstra, Optus, TPG: cellular IoT acceptance in Australia
Verizon Open Development: certification after PTCRB/GCF
GSMA SGP.22: AT&T Network Ready: cellular IoT certification after INC
China Mobile, Telecom, Unicom: cellular IoT acceptance
Deutsche Telekom IoT: module certification and nuSIM
Japan operator certification: DoCoMo, KDDI, SoftBank bands
Orange Connected Validation: IoT device labels
Telstra, Optus, TPG: cellular IoT acceptance in Australia
Verizon Open Development: certification after PTCRB/GCF
Vodafone IoT connectivity certification and eSIM
GSMA SGP.32: AT&T Network Ready: cellular IoT certification after INC
Deutsche Telekom IoT: module certification and nuSIM
Japan operator certification: DoCoMo, KDDI, SoftBank bands
Orange Connected Validation: IoT device labels
Telstra, Optus, TPG: cellular IoT acceptance in Australia
Verizon Open Development: certification after PTCRB/GCF
Vodafone IoT connectivity certification and eSIM

Defense & aerospace 2

MIL-STD-1275E: MIL-STD-1275F: 28 VDC military vehicle power
MIL-STD-1275F: MIL-STD-1275F: 28 VDC military vehicle power
MIL-STD-461H and MIL-STD-464D: defense EMC explained

Other references 96

14 CFR Part 107: Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
14 CFR Part 89: Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
2022/2380/EU: ErP / Ecodesign 2009/125/EC: product energy efficiency
ESPR (EU) 2024/1781: Sustainable Products Regulation
EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542: dates, passport, carbon
MFi (Made for iPhone), Apple accessory certification
Multi-marking layouts: CE, FCC, UKCA, ANATEL and other marks
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
UKCA marking in 2026: CE recognition, Fast-Track, UKNI
USB-IF: USB-C, USB4 and USB Power Delivery certification
Which EU directives apply to my product?
3GPP TS 36.521: AT&T Network Ready: cellular IoT certification after INC
Certification test plan: template and checklist
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
T-Mobile US: cellular IoT device certification and DICE
Verizon Open Development: certification after PTCRB/GCF
3GPP TS 36.521-1: 3GPP RF Conformance: TS 36.521, 38.521 and 38.533
GCF certification: criteria, members, labs, field trials
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
PTCRB vs GCF: which cellular certification do you need?
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
Verizon Open Development: certification after PTCRB/GCF
3GPP TS 36.523-1: GCF certification: criteria, members, labs, field trials
PTCRB vs GCF: which cellular certification do you need?
3GPP TS 38.521: Antenna design and impedance matching for IoT
3GPP TS 38.521-1: 3GPP RF Conformance: TS 36.521, 38.521 and 38.533
GCF certification: criteria, members, labs, field trials
PTCRB vs GCF: which cellular certification do you need?
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
3GPP TS 38.521-2: 3GPP RF Conformance: TS 36.521, 38.521 and 38.533
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
3GPP TS 38.523-1: GCF certification: criteria, members, labs, field trials
PTCRB vs GCF: which cellular certification do you need?
802.11ax: Wi-Fi Alliance certification: paths, fees, Wi-Fi 7
AEC-Q100: AEC-Q100, Q101, Q200: grades, tests and sample sizes
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
DO-178C and DO-254: avionics software and hardware
DO-326A / ED-202B and CS 25.1319: avionics cybersecurity
EN 50716, EN 50128, EN 50657: railway software
ESD per IEC 61000-4-2: method and test levels
IATF 16949: automotive quality management
IEC 60068: environmental and mechanical testing
ISO 26262: automotive functional safety, 12 parts
MIL-STD-1275F: 28 VDC military vehicle power
MIL-STD-461H and MIL-STD-464D: defense EMC explained
UN R10 (ECE R10): automotive EMC and the E-mark
ANATEL Ato 1120/2018: ANATEL Brazil: certification and Homologation Number
ANSI C63.10: CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?
SRRC vs FCC: China and US radio approval
TELEC / GITEKI: radio certification in Japan
ANSI C63.4: CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
EMC chamber types: SAC, FAR, OATS, GTEM, reverberation
Getting started with certification: where to begin
ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
SRRC vs FCC: China and US radio approval
ARIB STD-T108: TELEC / GITEKI: radio certification in Japan
Wi-SUN certification: FAN, HAN, JUTA, fees and labs
AS/CA S042.1: Telstra, Optus, TPG: cellular IoT acceptance in Australia
AS/NZS 4268: New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
AS/NZS CISPR 11: ACMA and RCM: Australia and New Zealand compliance
AS/NZS CISPR 14: ACMA and RCM: Australia and New Zealand compliance
AS/NZS CISPR 15: ACMA and RCM: Australia and New Zealand compliance
AS/NZS CISPR 32: ACMA and RCM: Australia and New Zealand compliance
ASTM F963: ASTM F963 and CPSIA: CPSC toy safety rules (16 CFR 1250)
Conflict minerals: Dodd-Frank, EU 2017/821, CMRT and EMRT
CPR and EN 50575: cable Euroclasses, AVCP, CPR 2.0
GCC: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the G-Mark (GSO)
HAC: Hearing Aid Compatibility (FCC 20.19, C63.19)
PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
REACH 1907/2006: chemical substances and SVHC
RoHS 2011/65/EU: 10 substances, exemptions, 2026 dates
Blue Guide: CE marking: dimensions, proportions and visual rules
Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
EU Authorised Representative, Importer and Article 4
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
FCC permissive changes: Class I, II, III and RED delta
Getting started with certification: where to begin
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
Multi-marking layouts: CE, FCC, UKCA, ANATEL and other marks
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
Substantial modification: when to re-certify in the EU
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
Technical documentation file: required contents
User instructions, safety information & languages
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Bluetooth SIG: Amazon Alexa and Google Cast device certification
Antenna design and impedance matching for IoT
Bluetooth SIG qualification: process, fees and DN
Certification costs: the official fee schedules
Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
DECT Forum certification: classic DECT, ULE, CAT-iq, NR+
DLNA and OCF certification: status in 2026
KNX, DALI-2 and EnOcean certification
Matter certification (CSA): process, DAC and DCL
MFi (Made for iPhone), Apple accessory certification
Multi-marking layouts: CE, FCC, UKCA, ANATEL and other marks
NFC Forum certification: CR15, device classes, fees
Niche wireless: ANT+, KNX RF, DECT ULE, 6LoWPAN
Qi and Qi2 certification: WPC, FCC and RED rules
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
TELEC / GITEKI: radio certification in Japan
Thread Group certification: tiers, fees, Thread 1.4
USB-IF: USB-C, USB4 and USB Power Delivery certification
UWB and FiRa Consortium certification
Wi-Fi Alliance certification: paths, fees, Wi-Fi 7
Wi-SUN certification: FAN, HAN, JUTA, fees and labs
Wireless certification: the law vs the logo
Zigbee CSA certification: 3.0, 4.0, Suzi and retest rules
BSMI: CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
GCC: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the G-Mark (GSO)
India: BIS (CRS), TEC (MTCTE) and WPC (ETA) certifications
NCC Taiwan: radio approval, LP0002 and the BSMI mark
Philippines NTC: type acceptance, SRD and Wi-Fi rules
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
TDRA (UAE) and SDPPI (Indonesia): radio approval
California Proposition 65: California Prop 65 warnings for electronics
TSCA: US Toxic Substances Control Act
CNS 13438: NCC Taiwan: radio approval, LP0002 and the BSMI mark
CNS 15598-1: NCC Taiwan: radio approval, LP0002 and the BSMI mark
CNS 15936: NCC Taiwan: radio approval, LP0002 and the BSMI mark
Common Criteria: CMMC and UK Cyber Essentials: defense cyber baselines
Common Criteria (ISO/IEC 15408): EAL, CCRA, EUCC
CSPN and ANSSI Visa: French security certification
Cyber Resilience Act (CRA): EU baseline for digital
DO-326A / ED-202B and CS 25.1319: avionics cybersecurity
EMVCo and PCI PTS: payment device certification
ETSI EN 303 645: cybersecurity for consumer IoT
FIPS 140-3: cryptographic module validation
IEC 62443 (ISA-99), industrial control cybersecurity
Matter certification (CSA): process, DAC and DCL
NFC Forum certification: CR15, device classes, fees
NIST IR 8425 and the US Cyber Trust Mark in 2026
NIST SP 800-213 and IR 8259A: US IoT security baseline
Product cybersecurity: obligation, evaluation, label
PSA Certified: levels, SESIP profiles and the CRA
SESIP and EN 17927: IoT platform security evaluation
Singapore IMDA: ESER, SER, GER registration and TS rules
TCG TPM 2.0 Library Specification and compliance guide
CRA: Certification costs: the official fee schedules
Certification test plan: template and checklist
Certification timeline: the durations set by the texts
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
CMMC and UK Cyber Essentials: defense cyber baselines
Common Criteria (ISO/IEC 15408): EAL, CCRA, EUCC
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
CSPN and ANSSI Visa: French security certification
Cyber Resilience Act (CRA): EU baseline for digital
DO-326A / ED-202B and CS 25.1319: avionics cybersecurity
ESPR (EU) 2024/1781: Sustainable Products Regulation
ETSI EN 303 645: cybersecurity for consumer IoT
EU AI Act: product compliance for manufacturers
EU Authorised Representative, Importer and Article 4
EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542: dates, passport, carbon
EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
FCC permissive changes: Class I, II, III and RED delta
FIPS 140-3: cryptographic module validation
GCC: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the G-Mark (GSO)
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
IEC 62443 (ISA-99), industrial control cybersecurity
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?
ISO/SAE 21434, UN R155 and R156: automotive cyber
MID 2014/32/EU: Measuring Instruments (MI-001 to 010)
NIST IR 8425 and the US Cyber Trust Mark in 2026
NIST SP 800-213 and IR 8259A: US IoT security baseline
Product cybersecurity: obligation, evaluation, label
PSA Certified: levels, SESIP profiles and the CRA
Qi and Qi2 certification: WPC, FCC and RED rules
REACH 1907/2006: chemical substances and SVHC
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
RoHS 2011/65/EU: 10 substances, exemptions, 2026 dates
SESIP and EN 17927: IoT platform security evaluation
Substantial modification: when to re-certify in the EU
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
TCG TPM 2.0 Library Specification and compliance guide
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
What certifications does an EV charger need?
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
Cyber Resilience Act: Amazon Alexa and Google Cast device certification
Certification costs: the official fee schedules
Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
CMMC and UK Cyber Essentials: defense cyber baselines
Common Criteria (ISO/IEC 15408): EAL, CCRA, EUCC
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
CSPN and ANSSI Visa: French security certification
Cyber Resilience Act (CRA): EU baseline for digital
DO-326A / ED-202B and CS 25.1319: avionics cybersecurity
EN 50332 and 62368-1: headphone sound limits explained
EN 71 and CE marking: EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC
ESPR (EU) 2024/1781: Sustainable Products Regulation
ETSI EN 303 645: cybersecurity for consumer IoT
EU AI Act: product compliance for manufacturers
EU Authorised Representative, Importer and Article 4
EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542: dates, passport, carbon
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
EU Ecolabel, PEF and LCA for electronic products
EU market surveillance and Safety Gate (formerly RAPEX)
EU Medical Device Regulation 2017/745: Article 2, Rule 11
FCC permissive changes: Class I, II, III and RED delta
FIPS 140-3: cryptographic module validation
Getting started with certification: where to begin
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
IEC 62443 (ISA-99), industrial control cybersecurity
ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
ISO/SAE 21434, UN R155 and R156: automotive cyber
KNX, DALI-2 and EnOcean certification
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
Matter certification (CSA): process, DAC and DCL
MID 2014/32/EU: Measuring Instruments (MI-001 to 010)
Multi-marking layouts: CE, FCC, UKCA, ANATEL and other marks
NIST IR 8425 and the US Cyber Trust Mark in 2026
NIST SP 800-213 and IR 8259A: US IoT security baseline
Product cybersecurity: obligation, evaluation, label
PSA Certified: levels, SESIP profiles and the CRA
REACH 1907/2006: chemical substances and SVHC
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
SESIP and EN 17927: IoT platform security evaluation
Substantial modification: when to re-certify in the EU
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
TCG TPM 2.0 Library Specification and compliance guide
Technical documentation file: required contents
UKCA vs CE marking in 2026: what actually differs
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
What certifications does an EV charger need?
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Zigbee CSA certification: 3.0, 4.0, Suzi and retest rules
Decision 768/2008/EC: ATEX and IECEx: equipment for explosive atmospheres
Certification timeline: the durations set by the texts
Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
Conformity assessment bodies and accreditation
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
EN 71 and CE marking: EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC
ESPR (EU) 2024/1781: Sustainable Products Regulation
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
EU Medical Device Regulation 2017/745: Article 2, Rule 11
Getting started with certification: where to begin
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
MID 2014/32/EU: Measuring Instruments (MI-001 to 010)
NB surveillance audits: cadence and conduct
RoHS 2011/65/EU: 10 substances, exemptions, 2026 dates
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
Technical documentation file: required contents
User instructions, safety information & languages
ENERGY STAR Computers: Energy Star: the US voluntary energy-efficiency program
ENERGY STAR Displays: Energy Star: the US voluntary energy-efficiency program
ENERGY STAR Imaging Equipment: Energy Star: the US voluntary energy-efficiency program
EPR: DEEE in France: WEEE under French law, IDU and AGEC
PPWR: the EU Packaging Regulation (EU) 2025/40
USB-IF: USB-C, USB4 and USB Power Delivery certification
WEEE 2012/19/EU: scope, marking, EPR and 2026 review
EU declaration of conformity: Accessibility: European Accessibility Act, EN 301 549
Antenna design and impedance matching for IoT
ATEX and IECEx: equipment for explosive atmospheres
CE marking: dimensions, proportions and visual rules
Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
CPR and EN 50575: cable Euroclasses, AVCP, CPR 2.0
Cyber Resilience Act (CRA): EU baseline for digital
DECT Forum certification: classic DECT, ULE, CAT-iq, NR+
Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
E-label vs physical label: rules by jurisdiction
EN 71 and CE marking: EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC
ErP / Ecodesign 2009/125/EC: product energy efficiency
ESPR (EU) 2024/1781: Sustainable Products Regulation
EU AI Act: product compliance for manufacturers
EU Authorised Representative, Importer and Article 4
EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542: dates, passport, carbon
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
EU market surveillance and Safety Gate (formerly RAPEX)
EU Medical Device Regulation 2017/745: Article 2, Rule 11
FCC permissive changes: Class I, II, III and RED delta
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
IEC 61010: safety of laboratory and measurement equipment
IEC 62368-1: safety of AV, IT and communications gear
ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
IVDR 2017/746: classes A to D and the 2027-2029 deadlines
KNX, DALI-2 and EnOcean certification
Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU: a guide
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
MDR class IIb and III: routes, CECP, PSUR, EUDAMED
MID 2014/32/EU: Measuring Instruments (MI-001 to 010)
NB surveillance audits: cadence and conduct
NCC Taiwan: radio approval, LP0002 and the BSMI mark
PPWR: the EU Packaging Regulation (EU) 2025/40
REACH 1907/2006: chemical substances and SVHC
RoHS 2011/65/EU: 10 substances, exemptions, 2026 dates
Technical documentation file: required contents
UKCA marking in 2026: CE recognition, Fast-Track, UKNI
UKCA vs CE marking in 2026: what actually differs
User instructions, safety information & languages
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
What certifications does an EV charger need?
Wi-Fi Alliance certification: paths, fees, Wi-Fi 7
FDA 510(k): EU Medical Device Regulation 2017/745: Article 2, Rule 11
IVDR 2017/746: classes A to D and the 2027-2029 deadlines
MDR class IIb and III: routes, CECP, PSUR, EUDAMED
QMS: ISO 9001, AS 9100, ISO 13485, TL 9000 compared
Risk management: ISO 14971, IEC 31010, FMEA, FTA, HAZOP
GB 17625.1: CCC (3C) mark: product certification for mainland China
GB 31241: CCC (3C) mark: product certification for mainland China
GB 4943.1-2011: CCC (3C) mark: product certification for mainland China
GB 4943.1-2022: CCC (3C) mark: product certification for mainland China
GB/T 17618: CCC (3C) mark: product certification for mainland China
GB/T 9254.1-2021: CCC (3C) mark: product certification for mainland China
IATF 16949: AEC-Q100, Q101, Q200: grades, tests and sample sizes
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
DO-178C and DO-254: avionics software and hardware
DO-326A / ED-202B and CS 25.1319: avionics cybersecurity
FDA 510(k), De Novo and PMA: US medical devices
IATF 16949: automotive quality management
ISO 26262: automotive functional safety, 12 parts
ISO/SAE 21434, UN R155 and R156: automotive cyber
MDR class IIb and III: routes, CECP, PSUR, EUDAMED
MIL-STD-461H and MIL-STD-464D: defense EMC explained
NB surveillance audits: cadence and conduct
QMS: ISO 9001, AS 9100, ISO 13485, TL 9000 compared
ICASA: ACMA and RCM: Australia and New Zealand compliance
Africa: Egypt (NTRA), Nigeria (NCC), Kenya (CA)
Certification costs: the official fee schedules
ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA
ISED Canada radio certification: RSS-Gen 6, REL, labels
Multi-marking layouts: CE, FCC, UKCA, ANATEL and other marks
Telstra, Optus, TPG: cellular IoT acceptance in Australia
ICES-003: Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
ISED Canada radio certification: RSS-Gen 6, REL, labels
ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?
IS 13252: India: BIS (CRS), TEC (MTCTE) and WPC (ETA) certifications
IS 15885: India: BIS (CRS), TEC (MTCTE) and WPC (ETA) certifications
ITU: ANATEL Brazil: certification and Homologation Number
DECT Forum certification: classic DECT, ULE, CAT-iq, NR+
GCC: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the G-Mark (GSO)
LATAM: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru homologation
NOM and IFT/CRT homologation: certification in Mexico
Philippines NTC: type acceptance, SRD and Wi-Fi rules
Radio spectrum: SRD and license-free bands
Radio type approval worldwide: how it works
Vietnam MIC/MOST: radio, telecom and ICT certification
KDB: Bluetooth SIG qualification: process, fees and DN
CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
Certification timeline: the durations set by the texts
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
FCC ID, Grantee Code & TCB: equipment authorization
FCC permissive changes: Class I, II, III and RED delta
HAC: Hearing Aid Compatibility (FCC 20.19, C63.19)
ISED Canada radio certification: RSS-Gen 6, REL, labels
ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?
NCC Taiwan: radio approval, LP0002 and the BSMI mark
Qi and Qi2 certification: WPC, FCC and RED rules
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
Vietnam MIC/MOST: radio, telecom and ICT certification
KDB 447498: Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?
SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
KDB 784748: E-label vs physical label: rules by jurisdiction
Multi-marking layouts: CE, FCC, UKCA, ANATEL and other marks
KDB 996369: Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
FCC ID, Grantee Code & TCB: equipment authorization
FCC permissive changes: Class I, II, III and RED delta
Machinery Directive: CE marking: dimensions, proportions and visual rules
Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
EN 60335: Household Appliance Safety, Parts 1 and 2-xx
EN 60598 Luminaire Safety: Part 1, Parts 2-xx, IP, IK
EN 62471 and EN 60825: photobiological and laser safety
EU Authorised Representative, Importer and Article 4
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
EU market surveillance and Safety Gate (formerly RAPEX)
IEC 60945 maritime testing: categories, EMC, wheel mark
IEC 61508: generic functional safety and SIL levels
IEC 62443 (ISA-99), industrial control cybersecurity
ISO 10218:2025 robot safety and what absorbed ISO/TS 15066
ISO 13849 and IEC 62061: machinery safety
Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU: a guide
NB surveillance audits: cadence and conduct
PED 2014/68/EU: thresholds, categories I-IV, modules
Substantial modification: when to re-certify in the EU
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
Technical documentation file: required contents
User instructions, safety information & languages
MIC Radio Law (Giteki): Certification costs: the official fee schedules
E-label vs physical label: rules by jurisdiction
Multi-marking layouts: CE, FCC, UKCA, ANATEL and other marks
TELEC / GITEKI: radio certification in Japan
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
Wi-SUN certification: FAN, HAN, JUTA, fees and labs
MID: CE marking: dimensions, proportions and visual rules
EN 62471 and EN 60825: photobiological and laser safety
EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
IEC 60945 maritime testing: categories, EMC, wheel mark
IEC 61010: safety of laboratory and measurement equipment
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
MID 2014/32/EU: Measuring Instruments (MI-001 to 010)
PED 2014/68/EU: thresholds, categories I-IV, modules
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
What certifications does an EV charger need?
MRA: ACMA and RCM: Australia and New Zealand compliance
Africa: Egypt (NTRA), Nigeria (NCC), Kenya (CA)
ANATEL Brazil: certification and Homologation Number
ASTM F963 and CPSIA: CPSC toy safety rules (16 CFR 1250)
CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
Certification timeline: the durations set by the texts
Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
Common Criteria (ISO/IEC 15408): EAL, CCRA, EUCC
Conformity assessment bodies and accreditation
CSPN and ANSSI Visa: French security certification
CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
EAC mark: conformity for the Eurasian Economic Union
Energy Star: the US voluntary energy-efficiency program
FCC ID, Grantee Code & TCB: equipment authorization
GCC: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the G-Mark (GSO)
IEC 60945 maritime testing: categories, EMC, wheel mark
ISED Canada radio certification: RSS-Gen 6, REL, labels
ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?
KC mark: South Korea radio, EMC and safety approval
LATAM: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru homologation
LoRaWAN certification: fees, test labs, TS001 and RP002
Malaysia SIRIM, ST and MCMC: product and radio approval
Measurement uncertainty: GUM, CISPR 16-4-2, decision rules
NCC Taiwan: radio approval, LP0002 and the BSMI mark
Philippines NTC: type acceptance, SRD and Wi-Fi rules
SRRC vs FCC: China and US radio approval
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
TDRA (UAE) and SDPPI (Indonesia): radio approval
TELEC / GITEKI: radio certification in Japan
User instructions, safety information & languages
Vietnam MIC/MOST: radio, telecom and ICT certification
NCC (Taiwan): CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
GCC: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the G-Mark (GSO)
India: BIS (CRS), TEC (MTCTE) and WPC (ETA) certifications
NCC Taiwan: radio approval, LP0002 and the BSMI mark
Philippines NTC: type acceptance, SRD and Wi-Fi rules
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
TDRA (UAE) and SDPPI (Indonesia): radio approval
NEC Article 625: EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
NRCS: ACMA and RCM: Australia and New Zealand compliance
Africa: Egypt (NTRA), Nigeria (NCC), Kenya (CA)
ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA
ISED Canada radio certification: RSS-Gen 6, REL, labels
Telstra, Optus, TPG: cellular IoT acceptance in Australia
OEHHA: California Prop 65 warnings for electronics
Proposition 65: California Prop 65 warnings for electronics
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
REACH: ASTM F963 and CPSIA: CPSC toy safety rules (16 CFR 1250)
California Prop 65 warnings for electronics
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
Conflict minerals: Dodd-Frank, EU 2017/821, CMRT and EMRT
CPR and EN 50575: cable Euroclasses, AVCP, CPR 2.0
Digital Product Passport (DPP): ESPR rules and registry
EN 71 and CE marking: EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC
Environmental compliance: what it asks of a product
ErP / Ecodesign 2009/125/EC: product energy efficiency
ESPR (EU) 2024/1781: Sustainable Products Regulation
EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542: dates, passport, carbon
EU Ecolabel, PEF and LCA for electronic products
IEC 62133 and UN 38.3: Li-ion battery safety and transport
Lithium battery shipping in 2026: IATA, IMDG, ADR, DOT
PPWR: the EU Packaging Regulation (EU) 2025/40
REACH 1907/2006: chemical substances and SVHC
RoHS 2011/65/EU: 10 substances, exemptions, 2026 dates
TSCA: US Toxic Substances Control Act
WEEE 2012/19/EU: scope, marking, EPR and 2026 review
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
RED: 3GPP RF Conformance: TS 36.521, 38.521 and 38.533
Accessibility: European Accessibility Act, EN 301 549
Africa: Egypt (NTRA), Nigeria (NCC), Kenya (CA)
Amazon Alexa and Google Cast device certification
ANATEL Brazil: certification and Homologation Number
Antenna design and impedance matching for IoT
AT&T Network Ready: cellular IoT certification after INC
ATEX and IECEx: equipment for explosive atmospheres
Bluetooth SIG qualification: process, fees and DN
CB Scheme (IECEE): global safety via one report
CE marking: dimensions, proportions and visual rules
CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
Certification costs: the official fee schedules
Certification test plan: template and checklist
Certification timeline: the durations set by the texts
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
CMMC and UK Cyber Essentials: defense cyber baselines
Component substitution: when does a swap need retest?
Conducted emissions: LISN method, CISPR and FCC limits
Conformity assessment modules A to H (768/2008/EC)
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
CSPN and ANSSI Visa: French security certification
CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
Cyber Resilience Act (CRA): EU baseline for digital
DECT Forum certification: classic DECT, ULE, CAT-iq, NR+
DLNA and OCF certification: status in 2026
Drone classes C0 to C6: which EASA label for which drone
E-label vs physical label: rules by jurisdiction
EAC mark: conformity for the Eurasian Economic Union
EMC chamber types: SAC, FAR, OATS, GTEM, reverberation
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
EN 71 and CE marking: EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC
ErP / Ecodesign 2009/125/EC: product energy efficiency
ESD per IEC 61000-4-2: method and test levels
ESPR (EU) 2024/1781: Sustainable Products Regulation
ETSI EN 303 645: cybersecurity for consumer IoT
EU AI Act: product compliance for manufacturers
EU Authorised Representative, Importer and Article 4
EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542: dates, passport, carbon
EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC): template and content
EU market surveillance and Safety Gate (formerly RAPEX)
EU Medical Device Regulation 2017/745: Article 2, Rule 11
EV charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP conformity
FCC ID, Grantee Code & TCB: equipment authorization
FCC permissive changes: Class I, II, III and RED delta
FDA 510(k), De Novo and PMA: US medical devices
FIPS 140-3: cryptographic module validation
GCC: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the G-Mark (GSO)
GCF certification: criteria, members, labs, field trials
Getting started with certification: where to begin
GPSR (Regulation 2023/988): requirements and key dates
HAC: Hearing Aid Compatibility (FCC 20.19, C63.19)
Harmonised standards: how presumption of conformity works
HDMI Forum and HDMI LA: adopter licence, testing, cables
ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA
IEC 60068: environmental and mechanical testing
IEC 60945 maritime testing: categories, EMC, wheel mark
IEC 61000-3-2 and 3-3: harmonic classes and flicker limits
IEC 61000-4-3: radiated RF field immunity
IEC 61000-4-6: conducted RF immunity test method
IEC 61000-4-8 magnetic field immunity: 1 to 100 A/m
IEC 62443 (ISA-99), industrial control cybersecurity
India: BIS (CRS), TEC (MTCTE) and WPC (ETA) certifications
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?
KC mark: South Korea radio, EMC and safety approval
KNX, DALI-2 and EnOcean certification
LATAM: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru homologation
LoRaWAN certification: fees, test labs, TS001 and RP002
Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU: a guide
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC vs Regulation 2023/1230
Malaysia SIRIM, ST and MCMC: product and radio approval
Matter certification (CSA): process, DAC and DCL
MFi (Made for iPhone), Apple accessory certification
MID 2014/32/EU: Measuring Instruments (MI-001 to 010)
Multi-marking layouts: CE, FCC, UKCA, ANATEL and other marks
NB surveillance audits: cadence and conduct
NCC Taiwan: radio approval, LP0002 and the BSMI mark
New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
NFC Forum certification: CR15, device classes, fees
Niche wireless: ANT+, KNX RF, DECT ULE, 6LoWPAN
NIST IR 8425 and the US Cyber Trust Mark in 2026
NIST SP 800-213 and IR 8259A: US IoT security baseline
NOM and IFT/CRT homologation: certification in Mexico
NRTL / UL listing: when a US safety mark is required
Orange Connected Validation: IoT device labels
PCB design for EMC: return paths, decoupling, stackup
Philippines NTC: type acceptance, SRD and Wi-Fi rules
PPWR: the EU Packaging Regulation (EU) 2025/40
Product cybersecurity: obligation, evaluation, label
PSA Certified: levels, SESIP profiles and the CRA
PTCRB vs GCF: which cellular certification do you need?
Qi and Qi2 certification: WPC, FCC and RED rules
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
Radio spectrum: SRD and license-free bands
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
RED Directive 2014/53/EU, the project checklist
SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
Self-declaration vs Notified Body: when is an NB needed?
SESIP and EN 17927: IoT platform security evaluation
Singapore IMDA: ESER, SER, GER registration and TS rules
SRRC and CMIIT ID: China radio type approval in 2026
Substantial modification: when to re-certify in the EU
Surge and burst tests: IEC 61000-4-5 and 61000-4-4
Switzerland: product certification and the EU-CH MRA
T-Mobile US: cellular IoT device certification and DICE
TDRA (UAE) and SDPPI (Indonesia): radio approval
Technical documentation file: required contents
TELEC / GITEKI: radio certification in Japan
Thailand NBTC: SDoC, Class A and Class B approval
Thread Group certification: tiers, fees, Thread 1.4
UKCA marking in 2026: CE recognition, Fast-Track, UKNI
UKCA vs CE marking in 2026: what actually differs
USB-IF: USB-C, USB4 and USB Power Delivery certification
User instructions, safety information & languages
UWB and FiRa Consortium certification
Verizon Open Development: certification after PTCRB/GCF
Vietnam MIC/MOST: radio, telecom and ICT certification
Voltage dips and interruptions (IEC 61000-4-11)
WEEE 2012/19/EU: scope, marking, EPR and 2026 review
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
What certifications does an EV charger need?
What is EMC? Emissions, immunity and coupling
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Wi-Fi Alliance certification: paths, fees, Wi-Fi 7
Wi-SUN certification: FAN, HAN, JUTA, fees and labs
Wireless certification: the law vs the logo
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
Zigbee CSA certification: 3.0, 4.0, Suzi and retest rules
RED 3.3: Certification costs: the official fee schedules
Certification timeline: the durations set by the texts
Common Criteria (ISO/IEC 15408): EAL, CCRA, EUCC
Cyber Resilience Act (CRA): EU baseline for digital
EN 71 and CE marking: EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC
ETSI EN 303 645: cybersecurity for consumer IoT
PSA Certified: levels, SESIP profiles and the CRA
SESIP and EN 17927: IoT platform security evaluation
What certifications does an EV charger need?
RSS-102: Certification test plan: template and checklist
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
ISED Canada radio certification: RSS-Gen 6, REL, labels
ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?
RSS-130: ISED Canada radio certification: RSS-Gen 6, REL, labels
ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?
RSS-132: ISED Canada radio certification: RSS-Gen 6, REL, labels
ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?
RSS-133: ISED Canada radio certification: RSS-Gen 6, REL, labels
ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?
RSS-139: ISED Canada radio certification: RSS-Gen 6, REL, labels
ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?
RSS-210: ISED Canada radio certification: RSS-Gen 6, REL, labels
ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?
RSS-247: Certification test plan: template and checklist
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
ISED Canada radio certification: RSS-Gen 6, REL, labels
ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
RSS-Gen: Certification test plan: template and checklist
Certification timeline: the durations set by the texts
E-label vs physical label: rules by jurisdiction
FCC permissive changes: Class I, II, III and RED delta
IoT product in EU and US: dual certification
ISED Canada radio certification: RSS-Gen 6, REL, labels
ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?
Multi-marking layouts: CE, FCC, UKCA, ANATEL and other marks
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
SANS 2332: ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA
SANS 60335: ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA
SANS 60598: ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA
SANS 62368-1: ICASA South Africa: type approval and NRCS LoA
SGP.32: AT&T Network Ready: cellular IoT certification after INC
China Mobile, Telecom, Unicom: cellular IoT acceptance
Deutsche Telekom IoT: module certification and nuSIM
GCF certification: criteria, members, labs, field trials
Orange Connected Validation: IoT device labels
Telstra, Optus, TPG: cellular IoT acceptance in Australia
Verizon Open Development: certification after PTCRB/GCF
Vodafone IoT connectivity certification and eSIM
SRRC: CCC (3C) mark: product certification for mainland China
Certification costs: the official fee schedules
Certification timeline: the durations set by the texts
China Mobile, Telecom, Unicom: cellular IoT acceptance
E-label vs physical label: rules by jurisdiction
Multi-marking layouts: CE, FCC, UKCA, ANATEL and other marks
NCC Taiwan: radio approval, LP0002 and the BSMI mark
Philippines NTC: type acceptance, SRD and Wi-Fi rules
SRRC and CMIIT ID: China radio type approval in 2026
SRRC vs FCC: China and US radio approval
TDRA (UAE) and SDPPI (Indonesia): radio approval
TCB: ACMA and RCM: Australia and New Zealand compliance
ANATEL Brazil: certification and Homologation Number
AT&T Network Ready: cellular IoT certification after INC
Bluetooth SIG qualification: process, fees and DN
CE vs FCC: EMC comparison for electronics
Certification costs: the official fee schedules
Certification timeline: the durations set by the texts
Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
Choosing a Notified Body: NANDO and scope verification
Conformity assessment bodies and accreditation
Copy-paste certification templates: DoC, file, tests
CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
DECT Forum certification: classic DECT, ULE, CAT-iq, NR+
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: scope, standards, modules
FCC ID, Grantee Code & TCB: equipment authorization
FCC permissive changes: Class I, II, III and RED delta
Getting started with certification: where to begin
India: BIS (CRS), TEC (MTCTE) and WPC (ETA) certifications
ISED Canada radio certification: RSS-Gen 6, REL, labels
ISED vs FCC: which radio authorisation?
KC mark: South Korea radio, EMC and safety approval
NCC Taiwan: radio approval, LP0002 and the BSMI mark
Niche wireless: ANT+, KNX RF, DECT ULE, 6LoWPAN
NOM and IFT/CRT homologation: certification in Mexico
NRTL / UL listing: when a US safety mark is required
Qi and Qi2 certification: WPC, FCC and RED rules
Radiated emissions EMC test: CISPR 32 and FCC 15.109
Radio spectrum: SRD and license-free bands
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
SAR testing: IEC/IEEE 62209-1528, EN 50360, EN 50566
SRRC and CMIIT ID: China radio type approval in 2026
SRRC vs FCC: China and US radio approval
Substantial modification: when to re-certify in the EU
T-Mobile US: cellular IoT device certification and DICE
Technical documentation file: required contents
TELEC / GITEKI: radio certification in Japan
Thread Group certification: tiers, fees, Thread 1.4
UWB and FiRa Consortium certification
Vietnam MIC/MOST: radio, telecom and ICT certification
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Wi-Fi Alliance certification: paths, fees, Wi-Fi 7
Wi-SUN certification: FAN, HAN, JUTA, fees and labs
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
Telecommunications Business Act (JATE): Japan operator certification: DoCoMo, KDDI, SoftBank bands
TELEC / GITEKI: radio certification in Japan
TS 36.521-2: 3GPP RF Conformance: TS 36.521, 38.521 and 38.533
TS 36.521-3: 3GPP RF Conformance: TS 36.521, 38.521 and 38.533
GCF certification: criteria, members, labs, field trials
TS 38.521: 3GPP RF Conformance: TS 36.521, 38.521 and 38.533
Antenna design and impedance matching for IoT
AT&T Network Ready: cellular IoT certification after INC
Certification test plan: template and checklist
GCF certification: criteria, members, labs, field trials
New Zealand and Pakistan radio certification
T-Mobile US: cellular IoT device certification and DICE
Verizon Open Development: certification after PTCRB/GCF
TS 38.521-1: 3GPP RF Conformance: TS 36.521, 38.521 and 38.533
Antenna design and impedance matching for IoT
Radio spurious emissions and receiver blocking tests
Verizon Open Development: certification after PTCRB/GCF
TSCA: California Prop 65 warnings for electronics
Environmental compliance: what it asks of a product
REACH 1907/2006: chemical substances and SVHC
TSCA: US Toxic Substances Control Act
UN 38.3: ASTM F963 and CPSIA: CPSC toy safety rules (16 CFR 1250)
Certifying a medical wearable: where to start
Conflict minerals: Dodd-Frank, EU 2017/821, CMRT and EMRT
Energy Star: the US voluntary energy-efficiency program
ErP / Ecodesign 2009/125/EC: product energy efficiency
EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542: dates, passport, carbon
EU Ecolabel, PEF and LCA for electronic products
IEC 62133 and UN 38.3: Li-ion battery safety and transport
IEC 62368-1: safety of AV, IT and communications gear
Lithium battery shipping in 2026: IATA, IMDG, ADR, DOT
MIL-STD-1275F: 28 VDC military vehicle power
PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
Qi and Qi2 certification: WPC, FCC and RED rules
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC
UNECE R10: AEC-Q100, Q101, Q200: grades, tests and sample sizes
UN R10 (ECE R10): automotive EMC and the E-mark
What is EMC? Emissions, immunity and coupling
UNECE R155: AEC-Q100, Q101, Q200: grades, tests and sample sizes
Cyber Resilience Act (CRA): EU baseline for digital
ISO 26262: automotive functional safety, 12 parts
ISO/SAE 21434, UN R155 and R156: automotive cyber
UNECE R156: ISO/SAE 21434, UN R155 and R156: automotive cyber
WCAG 2.1: Accessibility: European Accessibility Act, EN 301 549
WCAG 2.2: Accessibility: European Accessibility Act, EN 301 549
WEEE: California Prop 65 warnings for electronics
Certifying a Bluetooth LE wearable: RED, FCC, SAR, CRA
Certifying a smart lock: RED, CRA, CPR and lock standards
CST (ex-CITC) and SASO: certification in Saudi Arabia
DEEE in France: WEEE under French law, IDU and AGEC
Deutsche Telekom IoT: module certification and nuSIM
Digital Product Passport (DPP): ESPR rules and registry
Environmental compliance: what it asks of a product
ErP / Ecodesign 2009/125/EC: product energy efficiency
ESPR (EU) 2024/1781: Sustainable Products Regulation
EU Authorised Representative, Importer and Article 4
EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542: dates, passport, carbon
EU Ecolabel, PEF and LCA for electronic products
GCC: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the G-Mark (GSO)
IEC 62133 and UN 38.3: Li-ion battery safety and transport
Lithium battery shipping in 2026: IATA, IMDG, ADR, DOT
Multi-marking layouts: CE, FCC, UKCA, ANATEL and other marks
Orange Connected Validation: IoT device labels
PPWR: the EU Packaging Regulation (EU) 2025/40
PV modules: IEC 61730 safety and IEC 61215 qualification
REACH 1907/2006: chemical substances and SVHC
RoHS 2011/65/EU: 10 substances, exemptions, 2026 dates
TSCA: US Toxic Substances Control Act
User instructions, safety information & languages
WEEE 2012/19/EU: scope, marking, EPR and 2026 review
What certifications does a LoRaWAN sensor need?
What certifications does an EV charger need?
Which EU directives apply to my product?
Worked example: an IoT sensor through RED and FCC

A second way to navigate

The guides are organised by topic (process, EMC, safety, wireless...). This index instead organises them by standard and regulation. If you already know a text applies to your product (EN 300 328, IEC 62368-1, Directive 2014/53/EU), start here to jump straight to the guides that cover it. Each entry links to the official source where one is known.