UN R10 (ECE R10): automotive EMC and the E-mark
A vehicle does not get a CE marking for its electromagnetic compatibility. It gets a type approval under UNECE R10, UN Regulation No. 10, and an E-mark. The regulation changed in 2025: the 07 series entered into force on 12 June 2025, pushed immunity testing up to 6 GHz, rewrote the transient pulse table and set 1 September 2029 as the date after which new 06 series approvals no longer have to be accepted. This guide is written from the regulation text itself (the 06 series consolidated in the Official Journal and the adopted 07 series document), with paragraph numbers, the test levels side by side, and a list of common readings the texts contradict.
What UN R10 governs
Section titled “What UN R10 governs”UN Regulation No. 10 is annexed to the 1958 Agreement administered by the UN Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). Paragraph 1 applies it to vehicles of categories L, M, N, O, T, R and S, and to components and separate technical units intended for them. Paragraph 1.3 lists three areas:
- immunity to radiated and conducted disturbances for functions related to direct control of the vehicle, to the protection of the driver, passengers and other road users, to disturbances that would confuse the driver or other road users, to the vehicle data bus, and to statutory data such as the tachograph or odometer;
- control of unwanted radiated and conducted emissions, to protect electrical equipment on the vehicle itself, on adjacent vehicles and nearby;
- additional emission and immunity requirements for vehicles and ESAs with a coupling system for charging the REESS (the traction battery) from the power grid.
The functions listed in paragraph 2.12 are the "immunity related functions". They drive the whole immunity part of the regulation: paragraphs 6.10.2 and 6.10.3 say that a vehicle or ESA without immunity related functions need not be tested for radiated immunity at all.
The 07 series adds a note to paragraph 1.3 that the immunity levels address one of the external environments to be considered for functional safety, citing ISO 26262 as an example.
Who applies it, and how the EU makes it compulsory
Section titled “Who applies it, and how the EU makes it compulsory”A UN Regulation binds only the Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement that choose to apply it. The UN Treaty Collection records several parties limiting their commitment at accession: Japan accepted only five named Regulations, the Republic of Korea declared itself not bound by any annexed Regulation, and South Africa excluded a list that includes Regulation No. 10. Later notifications can change this, and the current list of who applies what is the UNECE status document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/343. The United States and Canada are not parties to the Agreement.
Inside the EU, the route depends on the vehicle category:
| Categories | EU act | How UN R10 applies |
|---|---|---|
| M, N, O | Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 | Article 4(2): approval to the UN Regulations listed in Annex I counts as EU type-approval. Annex I lists UN R10 for M, N and O. |
| L | Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 | Article 18(2): L-category vehicles whose EMC is covered by its delegated and implementing acts are not subject to the EMC Directive (the text still cites the old Directive 2004/108/EC). |
| All, framework | Regulation (EU) 2018/858 | Framework for approval and market surveillance of motor vehicles and trailers, and the basis for the EU e-mark. |
One detail in Annex I of Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 surprises people: the consolidated text of 2 August 2026 still lists UN R10 with the 05 series of amendments (OJ L 41, 17.2.2017). The notes to that table explain why this is not a blocker: compliance with a later series "shall be accepted as an alternative", and the transitional dates in the UN Regulation itself apply on a compulsory basis for registration and certificate-of-conformity purposes.
The E-mark, the e-mark and CE marking
Section titled “The E-mark, the e-mark and CE marking”| Mark | Shape | Legal basis | Used for |
|---|---|---|---|
| E-mark | circle with upper-case E and the country number, then "10R-" and the approval number | UN R10 paragraph 5.3, examples in Annex 1 | vehicle or ESA approved to UN R10 |
| e-mark | rectangle with lower-case e and the Member State number | Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683, Annex V | EU type-approval of a component or separate technical unit under Regulation (EU) 2018/858 |
| CE marking | CE logo | Directive 2014/30/EU and other product legislation | apparatus placed on the market under a self-declaration scheme |
How to read an E-mark: the number in the circle is the approving country (the Annex 1 examples use E 4, the Netherlands; the same numbering gives 1 for Germany and 2 for France). The approval number to the right starts with two digits giving the series of amendments in force at the date of approval: "06" under the 06 series, "07" under the 07 series. The 07 series Annex 1 example reads 10 R, then 07 2439.
Paragraph 5.2.2 requires the mark on every approved ESA, but paragraph 5.5 accepts that it is not visible once the ESA is installed. Electrical systems built into a vehicle approved as a unit need no marking (paragraph 5.2.2).
Annex V of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683 states that the EU e-mark annex "does not apply to type-approvals granted in accordance with the UN Regulations listed in Annex II to Regulation (EU) 2018/858". A UN R10 approval therefore carries the circled E, not a rectangle e.
Scope: vehicles and ESAs
Section titled “Scope: vehicles and ESAs”Vehicles
Section titled “Vehicles”The applicant for a vehicle approval is the vehicle manufacturer (paragraph 3.1.1). The manufacturer lists every relevant electrical/electronic system or ESA (those that may emit significant broadband or narrowband radiation, those involved in immunity related functions, and those that provide charging coupling), and a representative vehicle is chosen with the Type Approval Authority (paragraphs 3.1.3 and 3.1.4).
For categories L6, L7, M, N, O, T, R and S, paragraph 3.1.8 requires a statement of frequency bands, power levels, antenna positions and installation provisions for RF transmitters, even if none is fitted at approval, and this information must be made public after approval.
Paragraph 4.1.1 offers three routes: approve the vehicle installation directly by testing, approve the vehicle by showing that every relevant ESA already holds a UN R10 approval and is installed according to its conditions, or approve without testing when the vehicle has no equipment subject to emission or immunity tests.
An ESA may be approved as a component, for any vehicle type, or as a separate technical unit, for vehicle types named by the ESA manufacturer (paragraph 4.1.2). The application may come from the vehicle manufacturer or the ESA manufacturer (paragraph 3.2.2). Two exemptions matter to suppliers:
- spare parts clearly marked as such, identical to and from the same manufacturer as the OEM part for an already approved vehicle, need no type approval (paragraph 3.2.8, "replacement parts" in the 07 series);
- after-market components not related to immunity related functions need no type approval, but the manufacturer must declare that they meet the emission limits of paragraphs 6.5 to 6.9 (paragraph 3.2.9).
The emission requirements
Section titled “The emission requirements”Paragraph 6.1.1.1 is short and often misread: outside charging mode, "a vehicle shall be tested for radiated emissions and for immunity to radiated disturbances. No tests for conducted emissions or immunity to conducted disturbances are required for vehicle type approval." Conducted tests at vehicle level only appear in charging mode (paragraph 7).
| Test | Annex | Method basis | Type approval limit (06 series) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vehicle, radiated broadband | 4 | CISPR 12, engine running | 10 m: 32 dBµV/m (30 to 75 MHz), rising to 43 dBµV/m (400 to 1,000 MHz). 3 m: 42 to 53 dBµV/m |
| Vehicle, radiated narrowband | 5 | CISPR 12 or CISPR 25, ignition on, engine off | 10 m: 28 dBµV/m (30 to 230 MHz), 35 dBµV/m (230 to 1,000 MHz). 3 m: 38 and 45 dBµV/m |
| ESA, radiated broadband | 7 | CISPR 25 ALSE method | 62 to 52 dBµV/m (30 to 75 MHz), 52 to 63 dBµV/m (75 to 400 MHz), 63 dBµV/m (400 to 1,000 MHz) |
| ESA, radiated narrowband | 8 | CISPR 25 ALSE method | 52 to 42, 42 to 53, then 53 dBµV/m on the same bands |
| ESA, transient emission on 12/24 V lines | 10 | ISO 7637-2 | 12 V: +75 V / -100 V. 24 V: +150 V / -450 V |
Two points about CISPR 25. First, UN R10 uses it as a measurement method (the ALSE set-up of its clause 6.4, the load simulator, the narrowband definition) and carries its own limits; the CISPR 25 limit classes a vehicle manufacturer writes into a supplier contract are not part of the approval. Second, the edition matters: Appendix 1 of both the 06 series and the adopted 07 series cites CISPR 25 second edition 2002 with its 2004 corrigendum, not a recent edition.
The 06 series contained a shortcut in paragraph 6.3.2.4: if the signal measured at the vehicle broadcast antenna stayed below 20 dBµV from 76 to 108 MHz (average detector), the vehicle was deemed to meet the narrowband limits. The 07 series deletes paragraph 6.3.2.4.
The immunity requirements
Section titled “The immunity requirements”Radiated immunity
Section titled “Radiated immunity”Vehicles are tested by the method of Annex 6, based on ISO 11451 part 2, normally at a steady 50 km/h on a dynamometer or axle stands (25 km/h for L1 and L2). Vehicles longer than 12 m, wider than 2.60 m or higher than 4.00 m are tested by bulk current injection under ISO 11451-4. ESAs are tested by one or more of the Annex 9 bench methods, based on ISO 11452. The pass criterion is the same everywhere: no degradation of performance of immunity related functions.
| Method | 06 series, over 90 % of 20 to 2,000 MHz / minimum | 07 series, 2,000 to 6,000 MHz, over 90 % / minimum |
|---|---|---|
| Vehicle, field (ISO 11451-2) | 30 / 25 V/m | 10 / 8 V/m |
| Vehicle, BCI (ISO 11451-4) | 60 / 50 mA (06 series via the ESA levels; written into 6.4.2.1 in the 07 series) | not applicable |
| ESA, ALSE (free field) | 30 / 25 V/m | 10 / 8 V/m |
| ESA, TEM cell | 75 / 62.5 V/m | not applicable |
| ESA, BCI | 60 / 50 mA | not applicable |
| ESA, 150 mm stripline | 60 / 50 V/m | not applicable |
| ESA, 800 mm stripline | 15 / 12.5 V/m (06 series only) | not applicable |
| ESA, reverberation chamber (ISO 11452-11, new in 07) | 21 / 18 V/m from 20 to 2,000 MHz | 7 / 6 V/m |
The 07 series keeps the 20 to 2,000 MHz levels for vehicles and ESAs, and the 2,000 to 6,000 MHz band applies only to the free-field methods (vehicle field, ESA ALSE, reverberation chamber). Its Table 2a lists a single stripline column at 60 V/m.
Transient immunity on the 12/24 V supply lines
Section titled “Transient immunity on the 12/24 V supply lines”ESAs are tested with ISO 7637-2 pulses (Annex 10). The 06 series Table 2 (paragraph 6.9.1) applies pulses 1, 2a, 2b, 3a/3b and 4 at test level III, with functional status classes that depend on whether the ESA is involved in immunity related functions:
| Pulse | 06 series, related to immunity related functions | 06 series, not related | 07 series test level (12 V / 24 V) | 07 series FPSC, related / not related |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | C | D | -75 V / -450 V, 500 pulses | III / III |
| 2a | B | D | +37 V / +37 V, 500 pulses | I / III |
| 2b | C | D | +10 V / +20 V, 10 pulses | II / III |
| 3a | A | D | -112 V / -150 V, 1 h | I / III |
| 3b | A | D | +75 V / +150 V, 1 h | I / III |
| 4 | B if the ESA must work during engine start, otherwise C | D | level III per ISO 7637-2:2004 | B if operational during engine start, otherwise C / D |
The 07 series splits the reference: pulse 4 is tested to ISO 7637-2:2004, pulses 1 to 3b to ISO 7637-2:2011 with the Functional Performance Status Classification of ISO 7637-1. It also limits pulse 4 to ESAs that could be installed in vehicles with internal combustion engines started by a 12 V or 24 V starter motor. In charging mode, the ESA transient table (Table 18 in the 06 series, Table 20 in the 07 series) lists pulses 1 to 3b only.
No load dump pulse appears in either series.
Electrostatic discharge
Section titled “Electrostatic discharge”Paragraph 6.10.4 states that, because a vehicle on tyres is an electrically isolated structure and significant electrostatic events occur only when occupants get in or out of a stationary vehicle, "no type approval test for electrostatic discharge is deemed necessary". ISO 10605 is not in Appendix 1 of either series. ESD immunity reaches an ESA through the vehicle manufacturer's specifications and the supplier's design work, not through the E-mark.
Charging mode: what paragraph 7 adds
Section titled “Charging mode: what paragraph 7 adds”When the vehicle or ESA is in the configuration "REESS charging mode coupled to the power grid", it is tested for radiated and conducted emissions and for radiated and conducted immunity (paragraphs 7.1.1.1 and 7.1.1.2). AC mains are applied through 50 µH/50 Ω artificial mains networks, DC through 5 µH/50 Ω DC-charging artificial networks (paragraph 7.1.4).
| Requirement | Vehicle annex | ESA annex | Limits or levels taken from |
|---|---|---|---|
| Harmonics on AC lines | 11 | 17 | IEC 61000-3-2 (up to 16 A per phase), IEC 61000-3-12 (16 to 75 A) |
| Voltage changes, fluctuations, flicker | 12 | 18 | IEC 61000-3-3 (up to 16 A), IEC 61000-3-11 (up to 75 A, conditional connection) |
| Conducted RF on AC or DC power lines, 0.15 to 30 MHz | 13 | 19 | IEC 61000-6-3. 07 series: IEC 61000-6-4 for vehicles charged only in non-residential environments |
| Conducted RF on wired network ports | 14 | 20 | IEC 61000-6-3 in the 06 series. Deleted ("no longer applicable") in the 07 series |
| Fast transient/burst on AC and DC lines | 15 | 21 | plus or minus 2 kV, 5 ns rise, 5 kHz, at least 1 minute |
| Surge on AC and DC lines | 16 | 22 | AC: 2 kV line to earth, 1 kV line to line. DC: 0.5 kV both |
The non-residential option of the 07 series (paragraph 7.5.3) is aimed at buses and heavy trucks charged only at depots with their own transformer. It comes with a public manufacturer statement that the vehicle is charged in a non-residential environment only.
The 06 series also exempts vehicles and ESAs that charge only from a DC station through a cable shorter than 30 m, or only from a local or private DC station without other participants, from the conducted RF, burst and surge requirements, against a public statement (paragraphs 7.20.4 and 7.20.5, renumbered 7.20.1 and 7.20.2 in the 07 series). For the infrastructure side of charging, see IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP.
The 07 series: what changed and when
Section titled “The 07 series: what changed and when”| Date | Event | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 15 October 2019 | 06 series enters into force | GlobalAutoRegs (secondary) |
| 25 September 2020 | Supplement 1 to the 06 series enters into force | OJ L 302, 22.11.2022 |
| 1 September 2022 | Parties no longer obliged to accept 05 series approvals first issued after this date (06 series paragraph 13.2.2) | UN R10, paragraph 13.2.2 |
| 12 to 15 November 2024 | 194th WP.29 session votes on the 07 series (ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2024/90) | Council Decision (EU) 2024/2868 |
| 12 June 2025 | 07 series enters into force | GlobalAutoRegs (secondary) |
| 11 to 14 November 2025 | 197th session: Supplement 1 to the 07 series and Supplement 4 to the 06 series on the agenda | Council Decision (EU) 2025/2234 |
| 23 to 26 June 2026 | 199th session: Supplement 3 to the 07 series on the agenda | Council Decision (EU) 2026/1411 |
| 1 September 2029 | Parties no longer obliged to accept approvals to preceding series first issued after this date (07 series paragraph 13.3.2) | ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2024/90 |
The 07 series content, as summarised in the EU position and visible in the adopted text:
- immunity extended to 6,000 MHz for the free-field methods, and the reverberation chamber added for ESAs (ISO 11452-11);
- a test plan that must define the minimum number of steady-state operating conditions of the propulsion system (paragraph 6.1.2), and of charging conditions (paragraph 7.1.2);
- new definitions for automated driving systems, residential and non-residential environments, AVAS and accident emergency call systems;
- the ISO 7637-2 pulse table rewritten as described above;
- IEC 61000-6-4 limits for vehicles charged only in non-residential environments, and deletion of the wired network port emission tests;
- a revised flow chart in paragraph 3.2.1 deciding whether an ESA falls under the regulation at all;
- trolleybuses: the AC/DC mains portion of the propulsion system excluded (new paragraph 6.10.8);
- updated editions in Appendix 1 (for example ISO 11452-2:2019, ISO 11452-4:2020, IEC 61000-6-3:2020), with CISPR 12:2001 and CISPR 25:2002 unchanged.
Paragraphs 13.3.3 and 13.3.4 keep accepting 06 series approvals first issued before 1 September 2029, and 06 approvals for vehicles and parts not affected by the 07 changes. Paragraph 13.3.7 keeps extensions of approvals to preceding series available.
Approval procedure, step by step
Section titled “Approval procedure, step by step”- Define the scope. Vehicle approval, ESA approval (component or separate technical unit), or both, and the list of relevant systems (paragraph 3.1.3). Check the after-market and spare part exemptions of paragraphs 3.2.8 and 3.2.9 first.
- Identify immunity related functions. They decide whether radiated immunity tests are needed (paragraphs 6.10.2 and 6.10.3) and which functional status applies to each transient pulse.
- Agree the test plan. Paragraph 6.1.2 requires the Technical Service to prepare it with the manufacturer, covering at least mode of operation, stimulated and monitored functions, pass/fail criteria and intended emissions. See the test plan template.
- Run the tests. Vehicle tests need an absorber-lined shielded enclosure or an outdoor test site large enough for the vehicle. See EMC chamber types.
- Compile the information document. Annex 2A (vehicle) or 2B (ESA), with test reports, descriptions and drawings. See technical documentation file contents.
- Obtain the approval. The Type Approval Authority grants it and notifies the other Parties applying the regulation on the Annex 3A or 3B form (paragraph 4.3).
- Mark and maintain conformity of production. Under paragraph 9.3, production is deemed to conform if emissions do not exceed the type approval limits by more than 4 dB, and if no degradation of vehicle control functions appears at up to 80 % of the reference field strengths.
UN R10 versus the CE route of Directive 2014/30/EU
Section titled “UN R10 versus the CE route of Directive 2014/30/EU”| Criterion | UN R10 (E-mark) | EMC Directive 2014/30/EU (CE marking) |
|---|---|---|
| Object | vehicles and ESAs intended for them | apparatus and fixed installations |
| Procedure | type approval by an authority, tests by a Technical Service | manufacturer conformity assessment, notified body optional |
| Test basis | limits written in the regulation, methods from CISPR 12, CISPR 25, ISO 11451, ISO 11452, ISO 7637 | harmonised standards cited in the OJ |
| Marking | circled E, country number, approval number | CE |
| Geographic reach | parties to the 1958 Agreement that apply UN R10 | EU internal market |
The EMC Directive does not list vehicles in its Article 2(2) exclusions. It steps aside through Article 2(3): where its essential requirements are laid down more specifically by other Union legislation, it does not apply in respect of those requirements. For an apparatus that is not intended for a vehicle (a bench instrument built on the same board, for example), the EMC Directive and CE marking remain the route. For the wider comparison with the US approach, see CE versus FCC for EMC.
Claims the texts contradict
Section titled “Claims the texts contradict”| Common claim | What the text says |
|---|---|
| "The EMC Directive explicitly excludes vehicles." | Article 2(2) of Directive 2014/30/EU does not mention vehicles. The exclusion comes from Article 2(3) (more specific Union legislation), and is express only in sectoral texts such as Article 18(2) of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 for L-category vehicles. |
| "The e-mark is the EU mark used under EU directives." | Annex V of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683 defines the rectangle e-mark for EU type-approval of components and separate technical units under Regulation (EU) 2018/858, and excludes approvals granted to the UN Regulations listed in Annex II to that Regulation. |
| "An E-mark is accepted by every party to the 1958 Agreement." | Only by parties that apply UN R10. Several parties restricted the Regulations they apply at accession (UN Treaty Collection); the current status is in ECE/TRANS/WP.29/343. |
| "Vehicles are tested for conducted emissions and on-board receiver protection under CISPR 25." | Paragraph 6.1.1.1: no conducted tests for vehicle type approval outside charging mode. Vehicle narrowband emissions are measured at 10 m or 3 m from the vehicle, by CISPR 12 or CISPR 25 methods, against the limits of paragraph 6.3. |
| "Pick the right CISPR 25 class for the E-mark." | UN R10 carries its own ESA limits (paragraphs 6.5 and 6.6) and cites CISPR 25:2002 as a method. No class appears in the approval. |
| "Immunity field levels depend on whether the function is safety related." | Levels are fixed per method (for example 30 V/m for vehicles). What depends on the function is whether radiated immunity testing is needed and, for transients, which functional status class applies. |
| "Pulse 4 is required for every ESA." | Required in the 06 series Table 2 outside charging mode. Absent from the charging-mode table. In the 07 series, limited to ESAs that could be fitted to vehicles with internal combustion engines started by a 12 V or 24 V starter motor. |
| "Charging-mode tests are harmonics and flicker per IEC 61000-3-2 and 61000-3-3." | Paragraph 7 also requires IEC 61000-3-12 and 61000-3-11 above 16 A, conducted RF emissions (IEC 61000-6-3, or 61000-6-4 for non-residential charging in the 07 series), burst at 2 kV and surge on the power lines. |
| "UN R10 is made mandatory by Regulation (EU) 2018/858." | For M, N and O vehicles, the compulsory reference is Article 4(2) and Annex I of Regulation (EU) 2019/2144, under the 2018/858 framework. |
| "Immunity stops at 2 GHz." | True of the 06 series. The 07 series, in force since 12 June 2025, adds 2,000 to 6,000 MHz for the free-field methods. |
Place in the automotive regulatory ecosystem
Section titled “Place in the automotive regulatory ecosystem”- Functional safety: ISO 26262 is a separate framework, but the 07 series note to paragraph 1.3 links the UN R10 immunity levels to it. See ISO 26262, automotive functional safety.
- Cyber security and software updates: UN R155 and R156 are separate UN Regulations. See ISO 21434, UN R155 and R156.
- Component qualification: AEC-Q100 and related stress qualifications for automotive semiconductors. See AEC-Q100 and Q101.
- Defence vehicles use a separate EMC framework, described in MIL-STD-461 and 464.
Common pitfalls
Section titled “Common pitfalls”| Pitfall | Consequence | Good practice |
|---|---|---|
| Affixing CE marking for the EMC of an ESA intended for vehicles | wrong regime | approve to UN R10, or use the after-market declaration of paragraph 3.2.9 when no immunity related function is involved |
| Starting a new approval on the 06 series without checking dates | approvals first issued after 1 September 2029 need not be accepted | plan new types on the 07 series |
| Testing radiated immunity only to 2 GHz on a 07 series project | incomplete test | add 2,000 to 6,000 MHz for the free-field methods |
| Using ISO 7637-2:2004 for all pulses on a 07 series project | wrong reference for pulses 1 to 3b | 2011 edition and FPSC for pulses 1 to 3b, 2004 edition for pulse 4 |
| Forgetting the charging-mode tests on an EV or an on-board charger | file incomplete for paragraph 7 | include harmonics, flicker, conducted RF, burst and surge |
| Leaving the RF transmitter statement out of the vehicle file | paragraph 3.1.8 not met | declare bands, power, antenna positions and installation provisions |
| Ignoring conformity of production | approval at risk after a check | build the 4 dB and 80 % CoP margins of paragraph 9.3 into production testing |
Further reading
Section titled “Further reading”- EMC Directive 2014/30/EU: a guide
- CE versus FCC for EMC
- MIL-STD-461 and 464: defence EMC
- ISO 26262: automotive functional safety
- AEC-Q100 and Q101: automotive semiconductors
- Charging: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 and OCPP
- ISO 21434, UN R155 and R156: automotive cyber security
- EMC chamber types: SAC, FAR, OATS, reverberation
Sources and references
Section titled “Sources and references”Sources & references
- UN Regulation No. 10, EMC of vehicles, consolidated text up to Supplement 1 to the 06 series (OJ L 302, 22.11.2022), EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:42022X2263
- ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2024/90, proposal for the 07 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 10 (adopted text), United Nations (ODS) documents.un.org/api/symbol/access?s=ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2024/90&l=en&t=pdf
- Council Decision (EU) 2024/2868, EU position at the 194th WP.29 session (07 series of UN R10), EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2024/2868/oj
- Council Decision (EU) 2025/2234, EU position at the 197th WP.29 session (Supplement 1 to the 07 series, Supplement 4 to the 06 series), EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2025/2234/oj
- Council Decision (EU) 2026/1411, EU position at the 199th WP.29 session (Supplement 3 to the 07 series), EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2026/1411/oj
- Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 on vehicle general safety, Article 4(2) and Annex I, EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/2144/oj
- Regulation (EU) 2018/858 on the approval and market surveillance of motor vehicles, EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/858/oj
- Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683, Annex V (EU type-approval mark of components and separate technical units), EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2020/683/oj
- Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 on L-category vehicles, Article 18(2), EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2013/168/oj
- Directive 2014/30/EU on electromagnetic compatibility, Article 2, EUR-Lex eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/30/oj
- 1958 Agreement (XI-B-16), status and declarations of the Contracting Parties, UN Treaty Collection treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-B-16&chapter=11&clang=_en
- UN R10 modifications and entry-into-force dates (secondary source), GlobalAutoRegs globalautoregs.com/rules/20/modifications
Frequently asked questions
- What is the difference between the E-mark and the e-mark?
- The upper-case E-mark is the UN approval mark of UN Regulation No. 10 (paragraph 5.3): a circle containing the letter E and the distinguishing number of the approving country, followed by "10R", a dash and the approval number, whose first two digits give the series of amendments. The lower-case e-mark is the EU type-approval mark for components and separate technical units under Regulation (EU) 2018/858: a rectangle around the letter e and the number of the Member State (Annex V to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683). That Annex states it does not apply to type-approvals granted under the UN Regulations listed in Annex II to Regulation (EU) 2018/858. Neither mark has anything to do with CE marking.
- What exactly does UN R10 cover?
- Paragraph 1 covers vehicles of categories L, M, N, O, T, R and S, and the components and separate technical units intended to be fitted to them. It sets limits on radiated broadband and narrowband emissions, immunity to radiated fields, transient emission and immunity on the 12/24 V supply lines of ESAs, and additional requirements for the mode "REESS charging mode coupled to the power grid". Outside charging mode, paragraph 6.1.1.1 states that a vehicle is tested for radiated emissions and radiated immunity only, with no conducted tests.
- Does UN R10 replace the EMC Directive 2014/30/EU for a vehicle?
- For type-approved vehicles and their ESAs, yes in practice, but not because Directive 2014/30/EU names vehicles. Its Article 2(2) exclusion list does not mention them. The exclusion comes from Article 2(3): where the essential requirements are laid down more specifically by other Union legislation, the Directive does not apply in respect of those requirements. For L-category vehicles, Article 18(2) of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 says so expressly. For M, N and O vehicles, Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 makes UN R10 compulsory through Article 4(2) and Annex I.
- Which immunity tests does UN R10 require?
- Vehicles are exposed to radiated fields under ISO 11451-2 (or bulk current injection under ISO 11451-4 for vehicles longer than 12 m, wider than 2.60 m or higher than 4.00 m). ESAs are tested with one or more of the Annex 9 bench methods (ALSE, TEM cell, stripline, BCI, and in the 07 series a reverberation chamber) and with ISO 7637-2 transient pulses on the supply lines. The 06 series uses 30 V/m (vehicle) from 20 to 2,000 MHz. The 07 series adds 10 V/m from 2,000 to 6,000 MHz for vehicles and ALSE-tested ESAs.
- What is an ESA under UN R10?
- Paragraph 2.8 defines an electrical/electronic sub-assembly as an electrical and/or electronic device or set of devices intended to be part of a vehicle, with its associated connections and wiring, performing one or more specialised functions. It may be approved as a component (for any vehicle type) or as a separate technical unit (for named vehicle types). Paragraph 3.2.9 exempts after-market components that are not related to immunity related functions from type approval, against a manufacturer declaration that they meet the emission limits.
- Are rechargeable electric vehicles subject to extra tests?
- Yes. Paragraph 7 adds requirements for the mode "REESS charging mode coupled to the power grid": harmonics (IEC 61000-3-2 and 61000-3-12 limits), voltage changes and flicker (IEC 61000-3-3 and 61000-3-11), conducted RF emissions on AC and DC power lines (IEC 61000-6-3 limits), and immunity to fast transients (plus or minus 2 kV) and surges on the power lines. The 07 series adds IEC 61000-6-4 limits for vehicles charged only in non-residential environments and deletes the wired network port emission test.
- Which series of UN R10 applies now?
- The 07 series entered into force on 12 June 2025 (adopted at the 194th WP.29 session, November 2024, document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2024/90). Its paragraph 13.3.2 says that from 1 September 2029 Contracting Parties are not obliged to accept approvals to preceding series first issued after that date. 06 series approvals first issued before 1 September 2029 stay accepted (13.3.3), and so do 06 approvals for parts not affected by the 07 changes (13.3.4).
- Is the E-mark recognised outside the European Union?
- Only by the Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement that apply UN Regulation No. 10. Accession to the Agreement does not oblige a country to apply every Regulation: the UN Treaty Collection records Japan accepting only five named Regulations at accession, the Republic of Korea declaring itself not bound by any, and South Africa excluding Regulation No. 10 among others. Later notifications can change this, so check the current status document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/343. The United States and Canada are not parties to the 1958 Agreement.